1/1164 n 08-28 22:12:10-08-28 22:12:13 Hello everyone,
2/1164 lx 08-28 22:12:11-08-28 22:12:13 Welcome to the show "Big Questions".
3/1164 xss 08-28 22:12:13-08-28 22:12:25 The main topic we will discuss this time is,
4/1164 bg 08-28 22:12:14-08-28 22:12:25 Should euthanasia be legalized?
5/1164 08-28 22:12:18-08-28 22:12:25 Should euthanasia be legalized?
6/1164 hp 08-28 22:12:19-08-28 22:12:25 It can be considered one of the most important questions in ...
7/1164 aaa 08-28 22:12:17-08-28 22:12:25 Oh,
8/1164 de 08-28 22:12:22-08-28 22:12:34 In this edition of the Big Question program, we have collect...
9/1164 bg 08-28 22:13:20-08-28 22:13:30 Today, let's have a good discussion about euthanasia.
10/1164 n 08-28 22:12:21-08-28 22:12:25 Oh,
11/1164 08-28 22:12:27-08-28 22:12:34 The views of different countries on whether euthanasia shoul...
12/1164 08-28 22:12:23-08-28 22:12:34 On July 15th of this year,
13/1164 aaa 08-28 22:12:29-08-28 22:12:34 The French National Assembly has passed a bill legalizing as...
14/1164 lx 08-28 22:12:25-08-28 22:12:34 Currently,
15/1164 08-28 22:12:30-08-28 22:12:34 The bill has been submitted to the Constitutional Committee ...
16/1164 hp 08-28 22:12:31-08-28 22:12:34 If it is ultimately effective,
17/1164 xss 08-28 22:12:34-08-28 22:12:46 Eligible patients can generally use lethal drugs on their ow...
18/1164 bg 08-28 22:12:35-08-28 22:12:46 If unable to be performed on oneself,
19/1164 n 08-28 22:13:35-08-28 22:13:42 Can be performed by doctors or nurses.
20/1164 aaa 08-28 22:12:36-08-28 22:12:46 And it's about the situation in France,
21/1164 08-28 22:12:38-08-28 22:12:46 But what many people don't know is,
22/1164 08-28 22:12:58-08-28 22:13:07 In fact, in most countries today,
23/1164 08-28 22:12:39-08-28 22:12:46 Including China and the United States,
24/1164 n 08-28 22:12:42-08-28 22:12:46 In a sense, euthanasia has already been legalized.
25/1164 08-28 22:12:40-08-28 22:12:55 This might be quite surprising to everyone.
26/1164 hp 08-28 22:12:43-08-28 22:12:46 But don't rush,
27/1164 lx 08-28 22:12:44-08-28 22:12:46 Explain,
28/1164 de 08-28 22:12:46-08-28 22:12:56 Everyone will find that this is not strange.
29/1164 08-28 22:12:48-08-28 22:12:56 Most countries allow what is called passive euthanasia.
30/1164 08-28 22:12:50-08-28 22:12:56 It's basically the patient giving up on treatment themselves...
31/1164 n 08-28 22:12:54-08-28 22:12:56 I'm telling you, it definitely won't be cured.
32/1164 hp 08-28 22:12:51-08-28 22:12:56 This is also very expensive to eat.
33/1164 08-28 22:13:23-08-28 22:13:30 The process of eating was particularly painful.
34/1164 08-28 22:13:00-08-28 22:13:07 Then the patient didn't want to continue treatment anymore.
35/1164 lx 08-28 22:12:55-08-28 22:13:07 Then the doctor removed all life support equipment.
36/1164 xss 08-28 22:12:56-08-28 22:13:07 This operation,
37/1164 bg 08-28 22:12:59-08-28 22:13:07 Even in China,
38/1164 08-28 22:13:01-08-28 22:13:07 There is no explicit prohibition in the law.
39/1164 hp 08-28 22:13:03-08-28 22:13:07 Our law also allows for the option of giving up treatment.
40/1164 08-28 22:14:05-08-28 22:14:13 This is also known as "pulling a tube" in Chinese folk custo...
41/1164 aaa 08-28 22:13:04-08-28 22:13:07 What about the negative consequences of pulling out tubes?
42/1164 08-28 22:13:09-08-28 22:13:19 In fact, it is also to prevent so-called overmedication.
43/1164 n 08-28 22:13:05-08-28 22:13:07 Even though I only have a few days left to live,
44/1164 de 08-28 22:13:07-08-28 22:13:19 This patient is very willing to die.
45/1164 08-28 22:13:11-08-28 22:13:19 But he still had to be connected to a ventilator.
46/1164 bg 08-28 22:13:08-08-28 22:13:19 Covered with various tubes,
47/1164 hp 08-28 22:13:12-08-28 22:13:19 Prolonging life for many days,
48/1164 lx 08-28 22:13:13-08-28 22:13:19 Are we really going to make families pay tens of thousands m...
49/1164 n 08-28 22:13:15-08-28 22:13:19 More importantly,
50/1164 aaa 08-28 22:13:16-08-28 22:13:19 This makes it even more difficult for people to live their l...
51/1164 08-28 22:13:17-08-28 22:13:30 It was a very embarrassing way to go.
52/1164 xss 08-28 22:13:19-08-28 22:13:30 So, if the patient clearly refuses treatment on their own,
53/1164 08-28 22:13:21-08-28 22:13:30 The law allows patients to refuse treatment.
54/1164 hp 08-28 22:13:24-08-28 22:13:30 Just prescribe some painkillers for the patient.
55/1164 lx 08-28 22:13:25-08-28 22:13:30 What about the death of a person in this case?
56/1164 aaa 08-28 22:13:27-08-28 22:13:30 It is a topic that has been debated in both academia and rea...
57/1164 de 08-28 22:13:30-08-28 22:13:42 However, when it comes to another way of dying peacefully,
58/1164 08-28 22:14:27-08-28 22:14:33 This is what's known as a positive death,
59/1164 n 08-28 22:13:28-08-28 22:13:30 This is a pretty controversial issue.
60/1164 bg 08-28 22:13:31-08-28 22:13:42 This so-called "positive" death,
61/1164 08-28 22:14:29-08-28 22:14:33 It means that the doctor actively takes some actions.
62/1164 08-28 22:13:32-08-28 22:13:42 For example, giving a patient an injection.
63/1164 08-28 22:13:33-08-28 22:13:42 Kill this patient.
64/1164 lx 08-28 22:13:40-08-28 22:13:51 This is a case where the doctor didn't do it himself, but ra...
65/1164 aaa 08-28 22:13:36-08-28 22:13:42 Instead, give up on treatment.
66/1164 hp 08-28 22:13:38-08-28 22:13:42 Leave the patient's medical records to him.
67/1164 08-28 22:13:39-08-28 22:13:51 This patient's life.
68/1164 lx 08-28 22:21:35-08-28 22:21:39 But there are also many late-stage patients,
69/1164 de 08-28 22:14:33-08-28 22:14:45 Even if life support equipment is removed,
70/1164 bg 08-28 22:13:43-08-28 22:13:51 He will still experience a period of gradual organ failure, ...
71/1164 08-28 22:13:44-08-28 22:13:51 This process is also very painful. If he doesn't want to exp...
72/1164 xss 08-28 22:13:42-08-28 22:14:02 He may need to take active measures to prevent death,
73/1164 aaa 08-28 22:13:47-08-28 22:13:51 That is, to let the doctor actively inject him.
74/1164 08-28 22:13:46-08-28 22:13:51 Immediately and peacefully passed away,
75/1164 n 08-28 22:13:48-08-28 22:13:51 This sounds like it's not a problem.
76/1164 hp 08-28 22:13:50-08-28 22:13:51 However, many countries that allow passive euthanasia,
77/1164 de 08-28 22:13:51-08-28 22:14:02 For example, both China and the United States have strict la...
78/1164 08-28 22:13:56-08-28 22:14:02 This GG S, a legitimate country, looks out at the world.
79/1164 bg 08-28 22:13:53-08-28 22:14:02 Netherlands,
80/1164 08-28 22:13:54-08-28 22:14:02 Belgium
81/1164 aaa 08-28 22:13:55-08-28 22:14:02 Luxembourg
82/1164 n 08-28 22:13:58-08-28 22:14:02 Spain
83/1164 hp 08-28 22:13:59-08-28 22:14:02 Canada and a few other countries,
84/1164 08-28 22:14:00-08-28 22:14:13 In most countries, active euthanasia is practiced.
85/1164 lx 08-28 22:14:02-08-28 22:14:13 Here, all of them are illegal.
86/1164 08-28 22:14:06-08-28 22:14:13 There's another concept that needs clarification.
87/1164 n 08-28 22:14:07-08-28 22:14:13 This is the term for this positive case,
88/1164 hp 08-28 22:14:10-08-28 22:14:13 It is also not equivalent to doctor-assisted suicide.
89/1164 aaa 08-28 22:14:09-08-28 22:14:13 This doctor assisted in suicide.
90/1164 08-28 22:15:20-08-28 22:15:37 It refers to doctors prescribing medications that can be use...
91/1164 08-28 22:14:48-08-28 22:14:56 Let the patient commit suicide,
92/1164 de 08-28 22:14:11-08-28 22:14:23 This doctor doesn't do anything.
93/1164 xss 08-28 22:14:13-08-28 22:14:33 So, the attitude of doctors assisting in suicide is relative...
94/1164 bg 08-28 22:14:14-08-28 22:14:23 For example, there are more than ten states in the United St...
95/1164 08-28 22:14:15-08-28 22:14:23 It is okay for doctors to assist in suicide.
96/1164 n 08-28 22:14:17-08-28 22:14:23 Then today, the topic of this episode is not Xiao's words.
97/1164 08-28 22:14:18-08-28 22:14:23 It's not about assisted suicide.
98/1164 aaa 08-28 22:14:21-08-28 22:14:23 We will discuss the most controversial and currently least l...
99/1164 hp 08-28 22:14:19-08-28 22:14:23 Should the death penalty for active aggression be legalized?
100/1164 bg 08-28 22:14:25-08-28 22:14:33 Therefore, what we are discussing today is based on the prem...
101/1164 lx 08-28 22:14:23-08-28 22:14:33 Let's discuss whether the further extension of Kijian Les sh...
102/1164 08-28 22:14:22-08-28 22:14:33 Today, we will discuss this issue in our program with both s...
103/1164 n 08-28 22:14:26-08-28 22:14:33 Proponents of Proposition 1 support the legalization of cann...
104/1164 aaa 08-28 22:14:30-08-28 22:14:33 The opposition party opposes the legalization of Gigi's.
105/1164 hp 08-28 22:14:31-08-28 22:14:33 In order to make the program more intuitive,
106/1164 08-28 22:14:37-08-28 22:14:45 Next, it will be the turn of the supporting party representa...
107/1164 08-28 22:14:36-08-28 22:14:45 I will wear a blue shirt to represent the opposing side.
108/1164 bg 08-28 22:14:34-08-28 22:14:45 When the opposition party speaks,
109/1164 08-28 22:15:09-08-28 22:15:17 I will wear a red dress.
110/1164 aaa 08-28 22:15:12-08-28 22:15:17 Ultimately, you need to evaluate it.
111/1164 n 08-28 22:14:38-08-28 22:14:45 Which view is more reasonable.
112/1164 08-28 22:15:00-08-28 22:15:06 Okay,
113/1164 aaa 08-28 22:14:40-08-28 22:14:45 Let's get into the main part of the meeting.
114/1164 08-28 22:14:49-08-28 22:14:56 First, we would like to invite the proponents of the affirma...
115/1164 hp 08-28 22:14:41-08-28 22:14:45 Okay,
116/1164 lx 08-28 22:14:42-08-28 22:14:45 I am wearing a blue shirt.
117/1164 xss 08-28 22:14:45-08-28 22:14:56 Statement from the pro-government side.
118/1164 bg 08-28 22:14:46-08-28 22:14:56 Before we formally begin our arguments in the political aren...
119/1164 lx 08-28 22:14:55-08-28 22:15:06 First, it needs to be clarified that our party does not beli...
120/1164 xss 08-28 22:22:50-08-28 22:23:01 Right?
121/1164 n 08-28 22:14:51-08-28 22:14:56 You said a young man in his twenties,
122/1164 aaa 08-28 22:14:52-08-28 22:14:56 I don't have any illness.
123/1164 hp 08-28 22:14:53-08-28 22:14:56 Found a doctor, "Oh my goodness,"
124/1164 xss 08-28 22:15:49-08-28 22:16:08 I've been under a lot of pressure lately because I'm looking...
125/1164 de 08-28 22:14:56-08-28 22:15:06 The overall environment is not good.
126/1164 bg 08-28 22:14:57-08-28 22:15:06 Mortgage is paid off quickly,
127/1164 08-28 22:14:59-08-28 22:15:06 Die.
128/1164 n 08-28 22:15:02-08-28 22:15:06 Then, the doctor must not agree with this.
129/1164 hp 08-28 22:15:04-08-28 22:15:06 So, in society, only a small number of people are qualified ...
130/1164 aaa 08-28 22:15:01-08-28 22:15:06 Who is qualified?
131/1164 08-28 22:15:05-08-28 22:15:17 Actually, our regulations are very strict.
132/1164 xss 08-28 22:15:06-08-28 22:15:17 One of the leading scholars in the field,
133/1164 n 08-28 22:16:50-08-28 22:16:53 Australian philosopher Robert Young has summarized a very st...
134/1164 bg 08-28 22:15:08-08-28 22:15:17 To facilitate discussion,
135/1164 08-28 22:15:10-08-28 22:15:17 We simplify it here into four main points.
136/1164 hp 08-28 22:15:13-08-28 22:15:17 This person has a terminal illness, so it's definitely not c...
137/1164 n 08-28 22:15:14-08-28 22:15:17 No matter what methods I try, it won't work.
138/1164 de 08-28 22:15:16-08-28 22:15:28 And the patient is nearing his end.
139/1164 hp 08-28 22:15:57-08-28 22:15:59 Not long from now, I will die.
140/1164 lx 08-28 22:15:17-08-28 22:15:28 In simple terms, it refers to late-stage patients with termi...
141/1164 08-28 22:15:21-08-28 22:15:28 The second one is that late-stage cancer patients suffer fro...
142/1164 bg 08-28 22:15:19-08-28 22:15:28 Right?
143/1164 08-28 22:17:01-08-28 22:17:14 The third condition is that it must be done in a state of cl...
144/1164 08-28 22:15:26-08-28 22:15:37 And it's a persistent desire to express the idea of wanting ...
145/1164 aaa 08-28 22:15:22-08-28 22:15:28 Only this condition is important.
146/1164 hp 08-28 22:15:24-08-28 22:15:28 It must be the voluntary act of oneself in a state of sobrie...
147/1164 n 08-28 22:15:25-08-28 22:15:28 And it's continuous and voluntary.
148/1164 bg 08-28 22:23:24-08-28 22:23:33 It cannot be impulsive.
149/1164 lx 08-28 22:15:45-08-28 22:15:49 Suddenly,
150/1164 xss 08-28 22:15:28-08-28 22:15:37 Suddenly, I wanted to die.
151/1164 bg 08-28 22:15:29-08-28 22:15:37 Then, tomorrow I will be executed.
152/1164 aaa 08-28 22:15:33-08-28 22:15:37 Therefore, this condition excludes people like Hans Schüssle...
153/1164 hp 08-28 22:15:34-08-28 22:15:37 The fourth condition is that the person cannot end their own...
154/1164 lx 08-28 22:15:30-08-28 22:15:37 For example, people with paralysis.
155/1164 08-28 22:15:32-08-28 22:15:37 Right?
156/1164 n 08-28 22:15:36-08-28 22:15:37 If you want to die,
157/1164 de 08-28 22:15:37-08-28 22:15:49 And if you can solve it yourself,
158/1164 08-28 22:15:41-08-28 22:15:49 Then this could be considered a case of assisted suicide, an...
159/1164 bg 08-28 22:15:38-08-28 22:15:49 Therefore, after strictly screening these conditions,
160/1164 aaa 08-28 22:15:42-08-28 22:15:49 This society can be implemented if it meets these conditions...
161/1164 08-28 22:15:40-08-28 22:15:49 The dead of Jichuan,
162/1164 n 08-28 22:15:44-08-28 22:15:49 Actually, it's a very small number.
163/1164 hp 08-28 22:15:46-08-28 22:15:49 Therefore, we are advocating for the legalization of euthana...
164/1164 08-28 22:15:48-08-28 22:15:59 This isn't a crazy claim,
165/1164 bg 08-28 22:15:50-08-28 22:15:59 Instead, it should be argued.
166/1164 n 08-28 22:15:55-08-28 22:15:59 Why should we legalize a small loophole that allows only a f...
167/1164 08-28 22:15:51-08-28 22:15:59 Instead of applying the law uniformly,
168/1164 aaa 08-28 22:15:53-08-28 22:15:59 Prohibit all active euthanasia?
169/1164 hp 08-28 22:16:07-08-28 22:16:08 Okay,
170/1164 08-28 22:15:54-08-28 22:15:59 Who can be killed?
171/1164 bg 08-28 22:16:43-08-28 22:16:53 Then it's the turn of the proponents to argue,
172/1164 lx 08-28 22:15:58-08-28 22:16:08 Why should the death of this person be legalized?
173/1164 de 08-28 22:15:59-08-28 22:16:08 Robert Yang pointed out that,
174/1164 aaa 08-28 22:16:02-08-28 22:16:08 The most fundamental motivation for supporting the legalizat...
175/1164 bg 08-28 22:16:01-08-28 22:16:08 Individual autonomy,
176/1164 08-28 22:16:03-08-28 22:16:08 That is, respecting the right of individuals to make their o...
177/1164 08-28 22:16:04-08-28 22:16:08 What is meant by autonomy or self-determination?
178/1164 aaa 08-28 22:16:33-08-28 22:16:42 My body is my own.
179/1164 hp 08-28 22:16:12-08-28 22:16:20 My life is my own, and I have the right to decide how I live...
180/1164 n 08-28 22:16:06-08-28 22:16:08 Right?
181/1164 08-28 22:16:08-08-28 22:16:20 As long as your choices don't harm anyone,
182/1164 lx 08-28 22:16:11-08-28 22:16:20 You want to get married, then go ahead and marry.
183/1164 hp 08-28 22:17:09-08-28 22:17:14 Don't get married if you don't want to.
184/1164 lx 08-28 22:24:18-08-28 22:24:19 I want to go to work,
185/1164 08-28 22:16:13-08-28 22:16:20 Don't want to go to work,
186/1164 08-28 22:16:15-08-28 22:16:20 Stay at home,
187/1164 aaa 08-28 22:16:16-08-28 22:16:20 Right?
188/1164 de 08-28 22:16:19-08-28 22:16:30 If I absolutely have to force you into marriage,
189/1164 n 08-28 22:16:17-08-28 22:16:20 Force you to work,
190/1164 xss 08-28 22:16:20-08-28 22:16:30 This is blatant disrespect to you.
191/1164 bg 08-28 22:16:21-08-28 22:16:30 This is a violation of your autonomy.
192/1164 08-28 22:16:23-08-28 22:16:30 Autonomy is not just about being able to decide how you want...
193/1164 lx 08-28 22:16:24-08-28 22:16:30 It also includes the ability to decide how you want to die w...
194/1164 aaa 08-28 22:16:25-08-28 22:16:30 After careful consideration,
195/1164 08-28 22:16:26-08-28 22:16:30 I feel like I don't want to live anymore.
196/1164 n 08-28 22:16:29-08-28 22:16:30 Then others should respect your decision.
197/1164 hp 08-28 22:16:28-08-28 22:16:30 You want to die,
198/1164 08-28 22:16:30-08-28 22:16:42 Others are forcing you to live,
199/1164 bg 08-28 22:16:32-08-28 22:16:42 Also, it disregards your autonomy.
200/1164 de 08-28 22:16:34-08-28 22:16:42 Moreover, we are discussing the issue of euthanasia here.
201/1164 08-28 22:16:36-08-28 22:16:42 In the face of a terminal illness that cannot be cured,
202/1164 08-28 22:16:37-08-28 22:16:42 In a situation where every day is painful,
203/1164 hp 08-28 22:16:38-08-28 22:16:42 The death actually added to his well-being.
204/1164 n 08-28 22:16:39-08-28 22:16:42 Here is a sentence: A person who has terminal illness,
205/1164 lx 08-28 22:16:41-08-28 22:16:53 Every day is better than the last.
206/1164 n 08-28 22:17:42-08-28 22:17:44 Well, this isn't just a casual remark.
207/1164 xss 08-28 22:16:42-08-28 22:16:53 It's okay,
208/1164 aaa 08-28 22:16:45-08-28 22:16:53 Just be patient,
209/1164 08-28 22:16:46-08-28 22:16:53 You can easily deal with the past, as if you are drinking wa...
210/1164 08-28 22:16:47-08-28 22:16:53 I can feel the warmth.
211/1164 hp 08-28 22:16:49-08-28 22:16:53 At this time, death is a liberation for the person.
212/1164 lx 08-28 22:16:58-08-28 22:17:03 A blessing,
213/1164 bg 08-28 22:16:54-08-28 22:17:03 It's better for him to die than live.
214/1164 08-28 22:16:51-08-28 22:17:03 Located in this area.
215/1164 de 08-28 22:16:53-08-28 22:17:03 In summary,
216/1164 aaa 08-28 22:16:55-08-28 22:17:03 The proponents argue that euthanasia should be legalized.
217/1164 08-28 22:16:57-08-28 22:17:03 Based on the following premises.
218/1164 bg 08-28 22:18:08-08-28 22:18:17 One is if a person's choice does not harm others,
219/1164 hp 08-28 22:16:59-08-28 22:17:03 And this choice is beneficial to the person themselves.
220/1164 xss 08-28 22:17:03-08-28 22:17:14 Then others should respect them.
221/1164 n 08-28 22:17:02-08-28 22:17:03 Allow this option,
222/1164 bg 08-28 22:17:05-08-28 22:17:14 This premise is actually the human's self-determination.
223/1164 08-28 22:17:57-08-28 22:18:06 The second premise is that euthanasia is not harmful to othe...
224/1164 aaa 08-28 22:17:06-08-28 22:17:14 And for the benefit of that person.
225/1164 hp 08-28 22:18:17-08-28 22:18:28 Therefore, the conclusion is that euthanasia should be allow...
226/1164 08-28 22:17:07-08-28 22:17:14 Okay,
227/1164 08-28 22:17:11-08-28 22:17:23 Here is the theory of the square,
228/1164 n 08-28 22:17:10-08-28 22:17:14 Why should we allow Anders?
229/1164 de 08-28 22:17:12-08-28 22:17:23 So, what's next?
230/1164 bg 08-28 22:17:15-08-28 22:17:23 We would like to invite the opposing side to speak and share...
231/1164 lx 08-28 22:17:14-08-28 22:17:23 Okay,
232/1164 bg 08-28 22:33:40-08-28 22:33:49 I am wearing a red shirt, which represents the opposition pa...
233/1164 08-28 22:17:17-08-28 22:17:23 Just now, the argument was based on individual self-determin...
234/1164 bg 08-28 22:17:51-08-28 22:17:54 Why should we allow euthanasia?
235/1164 08-28 22:17:18-08-28 22:17:23 Regarding this, the opposing side has expressed their opinio...
236/1164 aaa 08-28 22:17:19-08-28 22:17:23 We can accept that people have the right to self-determinati...
237/1164 hp 08-28 22:17:22-08-28 22:17:23 However, the opposing side represents one of the scholars.
238/1164 n 08-28 22:17:30-08-28 22:17:34 According to American philosopher Daniel Kahane, this right ...
239/1164 bg 08-28 22:17:25-08-28 22:17:34 This time, it's about people exercising their autonomy based...
240/1164 xss 08-28 22:17:23-08-28 22:17:34 Right to refuse medical treatment.
241/1164 08-28 22:17:26-08-28 22:17:34 This is the time when you can't force me,
242/1164 08-28 22:17:27-08-28 22:17:34 Right?
243/1164 aaa 08-28 22:17:29-08-28 22:17:34 I have the right to say no.
244/1164 hp 08-28 22:17:31-08-28 22:17:34 Don't operate on me.
245/1164 de 08-28 22:17:32-08-28 22:17:34 Don't give me blood transfusion.
246/1164 08-28 22:17:33-08-28 22:17:44 Don't put a tube in me,
247/1164 lx 08-28 22:17:34-08-28 22:17:44 Even if others think my choice is foolish,
248/1164 08-28 22:17:37-08-28 22:17:44 I have the right to refuse medical treatment.
249/1164 08-28 22:17:36-08-28 22:17:44 Kartman pointed out that,
250/1164 bg 08-28 22:17:38-08-28 22:17:44 People exercise their right to self-determination through ne...
251/1164 aaa 08-28 22:17:40-08-28 22:17:44 Death is not a problem.
252/1164 de 08-28 22:17:43-08-28 22:17:54 Even if Carahlan, even a person can exercise their right to ...
253/1164 xss 08-28 22:17:44-08-28 22:17:54 He can commit suicide.
254/1164 hp 08-28 22:17:41-08-28 22:17:44 Right?
255/1164 08-28 22:17:46-08-28 22:17:54 You just need to not hurt others,
256/1164 08-28 22:17:47-08-28 22:17:54 Don't bother others.
257/1164 lx 08-28 22:17:48-08-28 22:17:54 You commit suicide alone.
258/1164 08-28 22:18:28-08-28 22:18:36 All are within your power to decide.
259/1164 n 08-28 22:17:52-08-28 22:17:54 But this positive action, it's a dead end.
260/1164 aaa 08-28 22:17:50-08-28 22:17:54 There is a completely different structure.
261/1164 hp 08-28 22:17:53-08-28 22:17:54 He cannot be completed solely by the patient.
262/1164 08-28 22:17:54-08-28 22:18:05 He must have someone else.
263/1164 08-28 22:17:56-08-28 22:18:05 The doctor will assist.
264/1164 bg 08-28 22:19:19-08-28 22:19:29 Therefore, the death of Jigan is no longer just a decision t...
265/1164 aaa 08-28 22:18:00-08-28 22:18:05 Instead, it requires b to perform an action that leads to a ...
266/1164 de 08-28 22:17:58-08-28 22:18:06 That's where the problem comes in.
267/1164 aaa 08-28 22:18:10-08-28 22:18:17 How did my right to self-determination become a license for ...
268/1164 bg 08-28 22:18:01-08-28 22:18:06 Right?
269/1164 hp 08-28 22:18:42-08-28 22:18:47 Patients in the late stage have a decision to make.
270/1164 lx 08-28 22:18:02-08-28 22:18:06 The right to one's own life,
271/1164 n 08-28 22:18:03-08-28 22:18:06 Cannot be automatically derived from the first instance.
272/1164 hp 08-28 22:18:04-08-28 22:18:06 Everyone has the right to end their own life.
273/1164 xss 08-28 22:18:05-08-28 22:18:17 What does this mean?
274/1164 08-28 22:18:07-08-28 22:18:17 This is equivalent to saying that I have sexual autonomy.
275/1164 08-28 22:18:11-08-28 22:18:17 Right?
276/1164 08-28 22:18:12-08-28 22:18:17 Therefore, I can freely decide who to have a relationship wi...
277/1164 de 08-28 22:18:13-08-28 22:18:17 But this doesn't lead to any conclusion.
278/1164 n 08-28 22:18:14-08-28 22:18:17 Because I have new autonomy,
279/1164 lx 08-28 22:18:15-08-28 22:18:17 So I had to ask someone else to have sex with me.
280/1164 lx 08-28 22:19:26-08-28 22:19:29 So, let's go back to the previous argument we were making.
281/1164 08-28 22:18:19-08-28 22:18:28 The first premise of the square is indeed pointing out that ...
282/1164 bg 08-28 22:18:18-08-28 22:18:28 However, this argument can only conclude that assisted suici...
283/1164 aaa 08-28 22:18:21-08-28 22:18:28 It can also be argued that suicide is permissible, right?
284/1164 08-28 22:18:25-08-28 22:18:36 You could argue that the two instances of euthanasia in your...
285/1164 de 08-28 22:19:27-08-28 22:19:38 However, it is impossible to prove that the affirmative case...
286/1164 n 08-28 22:18:22-08-28 22:18:28 But this Karahan doesn't oppose the premise.
287/1164 lx 08-28 22:18:24-08-28 22:18:28 But not to claim,
288/1164 de 08-28 22:18:26-08-28 22:18:36 The patient cannot decide for themselves.
289/1164 xss 08-28 22:18:27-08-28 22:18:36 In addition, patients can make many decisions about their ow...
290/1164 bg 08-28 22:18:29-08-28 22:18:36 However, once this decision requires another person to perso...
291/1164 hp 08-28 22:18:32-08-28 22:18:36 This question is no longer just about the patient's self-det...
292/1164 08-28 22:18:33-08-28 22:18:36 The right to self-determination here can only lead you to ha...
293/1164 aaa 08-28 22:18:30-08-28 22:18:36 The right to refuse.
294/1164 n 08-28 22:18:35-08-28 22:18:36 But it doesn't mean you have the right to be killed.
295/1164 08-28 22:19:00-08-28 22:19:08 That is to say,
296/1164 lx 08-28 22:18:36-08-28 22:18:46 You have no right to demand that someone kill you.
297/1164 08-28 22:26:51-08-28 22:26:59 Like we have no right to demand from others,
298/1164 aaa 08-28 22:18:39-08-28 22:18:47 Because my sexual autonomy is about having sex with me.
299/1164 08-28 22:18:37-08-28 22:18:47 Others are not tools to satisfy my sexual desires.
300/1164 bg 08-28 22:18:38-08-28 22:18:47 In that case,
301/1164 de 08-28 22:18:41-08-28 22:18:47 Medical examination is not just a tool for patients to commi...
302/1164 n 08-28 22:18:43-08-28 22:18:47 Karren pointed out that,
303/1164 xss 08-28 22:18:46-08-28 22:18:58 Doctors must have their own independent ethical standards.
304/1164 08-28 22:18:47-08-28 22:18:58 And if a patient says "This is my body, and I can do what I ...
305/1164 lx 08-28 22:18:49-08-28 22:18:58 Then, doctors were reduced to machines that execute patients...
306/1164 aaa 08-28 22:18:52-08-28 22:18:58 Okay,
307/1164 bg 08-28 22:18:50-08-28 22:18:58 Here is the counter-argument based on self-determination rig...
308/1164 hp 08-28 22:18:53-08-28 22:18:58 Now, let's see how the other side will respond.
309/1164 08-28 22:18:51-08-28 22:18:58 The opposing side just said,
310/1164 n 08-28 22:18:55-08-28 22:18:58 This doctor must have their own independent moral standards.
311/1164 de 08-28 22:18:56-08-28 22:19:08 It cannot be because the patient wants to die,
312/1164 08-28 22:18:58-08-28 22:19:08 I would just blindly help him to die.
313/1164 n 08-28 22:19:33-08-28 22:19:38 Of course, that's the case.
314/1164 bg 08-28 22:18:59-08-28 22:19:08 We also don't object to this.
315/1164 aaa 08-28 22:19:01-08-28 22:19:08 Pay attention,
316/1164 lx 08-28 22:19:02-08-28 22:19:08 We are just arguing,
317/1164 n 08-28 22:19:04-08-28 22:19:08 Euthanasia should be allowed.
318/1164 hp 08-28 22:19:05-08-28 22:19:08 And it's not that as a doctor, you...
319/1164 hp 08-28 22:19:54-08-28 22:19:58 As long as someone meets these conditions for assisted suici...
320/1164 08-28 22:19:06-08-28 22:19:18 You are obligated to go and assist in euthanasia.
321/1164 08-28 22:19:09-08-28 22:19:18 A very direct response from the American bioethicist Dan Bro...
322/1164 xss 08-28 22:19:08-08-28 22:19:18 Allow doctors to perform euthanasia.
323/1164 08-28 22:19:10-08-28 22:19:18 Does not mean that doctors are required to perform euthanasi...
324/1164 bg 08-28 22:19:11-08-28 22:19:18 Right?
325/1164 de 08-28 22:19:12-08-28 22:19:18 This patient has the right to make decisions about their own...
326/1164 aaa 08-28 22:19:13-08-28 22:19:18 The doctor also has the right to make their own decisions.
327/1164 n 08-28 22:19:20-08-28 22:19:29 If a doctor opposes something based on their own moral or pr...
328/1164 n 08-28 22:19:15-08-28 22:19:18 Administering a lethal dose of medication to the patient.
329/1164 lx 08-28 22:19:16-08-28 22:19:18 He would definitely refuse.
330/1164 hp 08-28 22:19:18-08-28 22:19:29 Right?
331/1164 08-28 22:19:21-08-28 22:19:29 The real problem now,
332/1164 08-28 22:19:22-08-28 22:19:29 Do patients have the right to command doctors to kill them?
333/1164 08-28 22:19:25-08-28 22:19:38 However, if the patient requests it voluntarily,
334/1164 aaa 08-28 22:19:24-08-28 22:19:29 The doctor also agreed.
335/1164 xss 08-28 22:19:29-08-28 22:19:38 Why does that country still have to define this behavior as ...
336/1164 n 08-28 22:19:40-08-28 22:19:47 Okay,
337/1164 08-28 22:19:32-08-28 22:19:38 Here's the debate between both sides on whether Gigi's death...
338/1164 08-28 22:19:34-08-28 22:19:38 I wonder if you, the viewer, think that either side in this ...
339/1164 bg 08-28 22:19:30-08-28 22:19:38 So, what about the debate on self-determination?
340/1164 08-28 22:20:08-08-28 22:20:18 What about the next section?
341/1164 de 08-28 22:20:28-08-28 22:20:38 We are entering a new sub-problem,
342/1164 de 08-28 22:19:45-08-28 22:19:56 So, if the words used in the "Shu Ji An" case are allowed, w...
343/1164 08-28 22:19:42-08-28 22:19:52 Then, the square will try to eliminate the moral difference ...
344/1164 hp 08-28 22:19:35-08-28 22:19:38 However, the opposing side will insist on...
345/1164 xss 08-28 22:19:47-08-28 22:19:58 These two are of significant moral difference.
346/1164 aaa 08-28 22:19:36-08-28 22:19:38 Okay,
347/1164 bg 08-28 22:19:39-08-28 22:19:49 Next, we would like to invite the opposing side to speak.
348/1164 lx 08-28 22:19:38-08-28 22:19:47 Okay,
349/1164 aaa 08-28 22:28:14-08-28 22:28:17 I am wearing a red shirt, which represents the opposing side...
350/1164 08-28 22:19:43-08-28 22:19:49 However, the opposing party still allows for the death penal...
351/1164 bg 08-28 22:20:19-08-28 22:20:27 But the death of the active case,
352/1164 aaa 08-28 22:19:46-08-28 22:19:49 But we cannot support it.
353/1164 08-28 22:19:49-08-28 22:20:06 The death of Xiao Qian can be used to infer that the death o...
354/1164 lx 08-28 22:19:52-08-28 22:19:58 Why there is a classic distinction in this field of moral ph...
355/1164 bg 08-28 22:19:53-08-28 22:19:58 That's the distinction between kill and let die.
356/1164 n 08-28 22:19:50-08-28 22:19:56 The distinction between actively killing and passively allow...
357/1164 aaa 08-28 22:19:55-08-28 22:19:58 The moral nature of these two behaviors is completely differ...
358/1164 n 08-28 22:21:01-08-28 22:21:07 The reason why Xiao Ji Yang's death is permissible,
359/1164 08-28 22:19:58-08-28 22:20:06 Because he wasn't the one who initiated the killing.
360/1164 n 08-28 22:19:59-08-28 22:20:06 Instead, they passively allowed patients to die.
361/1164 08-28 22:19:56-08-28 22:20:00 Let die.
362/1164 de 08-28 22:21:53-08-28 22:21:58 For example, this doctor removed the ventilator for a patien...
363/1164 de 08-28 22:20:00-08-28 22:20:08 This is not about directly killing the patient.
364/1164 bg 08-28 22:20:01-08-28 22:20:08 The reason why the patient died later was...
365/1164 hp 08-28 22:20:03-08-28 22:20:08 Because his illness killed him.
366/1164 aaa 08-28 22:20:05-08-28 22:20:08 The doctor just let the disease go on.
367/1164 lx 08-28 22:20:04-08-28 22:20:08 Kill the patient,
368/1164 xss 08-28 22:20:06-08-28 22:20:18 But it didn't stop.
369/1164 08-28 22:20:11-08-28 22:20:27 However, the wording of the positive case and the negative c...
370/1164 n 08-28 22:20:09-08-28 22:20:18 The upcoming death is not "let her die".
371/1164 08-28 22:20:10-08-28 22:20:18 Instead of letting him die.
372/1164 bg 08-28 22:20:13-08-28 22:20:18 And then kill her.
373/1164 lx 08-28 22:21:18-08-28 22:21:28 He directly and actively killed him.
374/1164 aaa 08-28 22:20:14-08-28 22:20:18 Therefore, the opposing side argues against Gian's death bas...
375/1164 hp 08-28 22:20:16-08-28 22:20:18 As long as Deathstroke allows people to die, then...
376/1164 de 08-28 22:20:17-08-28 22:20:26 Deadpool's death,
377/1164 08-28 22:20:20-08-28 22:20:27 I am asking if it is intentional murder.
378/1164 lx 08-28 22:20:18-08-28 22:20:27 Better than letting people die,
379/1164 08-28 22:20:21-08-28 22:20:27 Clearly worse in terms of morality.
380/1164 aaa 08-28 22:20:23-08-28 22:20:27 Therefore,
381/1164 n 08-28 22:20:24-08-28 22:20:27 Conclusion,
382/1164 08-28 22:20:32-08-28 22:20:48 Even if it is allowed to allow the death of Xiao Qi'an, it c...
383/1164 hp 08-28 22:20:26-08-28 22:20:28 The key here lies in this premise.
384/1164 bg 08-28 22:20:50-08-28 22:20:58 II.
385/1164 08-28 22:20:30-08-28 22:20:38 The moral attributes of the two behaviors, actively killing ...
386/1164 xss 08-28 22:20:27-08-28 22:20:38 It's much worse than letting death happen passively.
387/1164 bg 08-28 22:20:29-08-28 22:20:38 Let's say,
388/1164 n 08-28 22:20:33-08-28 22:20:38 Imagine that a beggar suddenly appeared in front of your hou...
389/1164 08-28 22:20:34-08-28 22:20:38 Tell your father to give me some money,
390/1164 n 08-28 22:21:11-08-28 22:21:18 Otherwise, I will starve to death.
391/1164 lx 08-28 22:20:37-08-28 22:20:38 You're in a tight spot financially these days, right?
392/1164 aaa 08-28 22:20:36-08-28 22:20:38 Or maybe I'm just really irritable.
393/1164 08-28 22:20:42-08-28 22:20:48 I said, "Don't go away without saying goodbye."
394/1164 hp 08-28 22:20:38-08-28 22:20:48 Then, the beggar eventually died of starvation.
395/1164 bg 08-28 22:20:39-08-28 22:20:48 We can say that,
396/1164 n 08-28 22:20:41-08-28 22:20:48 In this case,
397/1164 08-28 22:20:43-08-28 22:20:48 Your behavior is indeed not very natural.
398/1164 de 08-28 22:20:44-08-28 22:20:48 Because you didn't give him money, so you let this beggar st...
399/1164 xss 08-28 22:20:47-08-28 22:20:58 But at least you didn't do anything harmful or malicious you...
400/1164 aaa 08-28 22:20:46-08-28 22:20:48 Right?
401/1164 lx 08-28 22:20:48-08-28 22:20:58 This beggar was not killed by you.
402/1164 n 08-28 22:20:51-08-28 22:20:58 But, let's consider another scenario.
403/1164 hp 08-28 22:20:52-08-28 22:20:58 Just look at this beggar,
404/1164 08-28 22:20:53-08-28 22:20:58 Please, save me.
405/1164 aaa 08-28 22:20:54-08-28 22:20:58 Otherwise, I'm going to starve.
406/1164 08-28 22:21:58-08-28 22:22:10 What's the result? You start from your heart.
407/1164 08-28 22:20:56-08-28 22:21:07 Furious, he turned towards the edge of the board.
408/1164 08-28 22:20:57-08-28 22:21:07 He pulled out a knife and stabbed the beggar to death.
409/1164 de 08-28 22:20:58-08-28 22:21:07 Even if it hurts,
410/1164 bg 08-28 22:21:00-08-28 22:21:07 This beggar is about to starve.
411/1164 08-28 22:21:02-08-28 22:21:07 But this bucket, it turns out that you killed the beggar.
412/1164 aaa 08-28 22:21:03-08-28 22:21:07 This is much better than letting a beggar starve to death.
413/1164 xss 08-28 22:21:07-08-28 22:21:18 It's really terrible,
414/1164 hp 08-28 22:21:04-08-28 22:21:07 Right?
415/1164 lx 08-28 22:21:06-08-28 22:21:07 In the same way,
416/1164 n 08-28 22:21:22-08-28 22:21:28 Euthanasia,
417/1164 bg 08-28 22:21:08-08-28 22:21:18 It's the same here too.
418/1164 08-28 22:21:09-08-28 22:21:18 You're talking about passive euthanasia, right?
419/1164 de 08-28 22:21:12-08-28 22:21:18 Are you letting this person die of a disease?
420/1164 aaa 08-28 22:21:13-08-28 22:21:18 I understand,
421/1164 08-28 22:21:14-08-28 22:21:18 It's like a beggar dying of hunger.
422/1164 hp 08-28 22:21:15-08-28 22:21:18 But you can't actively let someone die.
423/1164 08-28 22:21:17-08-28 22:21:28 Because this is equivalent to directly stabbing someone,
424/1164 08-28 22:22:16-08-28 22:22:30 Of course, that's not allowed.
425/1164 08-28 22:21:23-08-28 22:21:35 This is the reason why opponents of G.G. Ant are against it.
426/1164 bg 08-28 22:21:19-08-28 22:21:28 Okay,
427/1164 08-28 22:21:20-08-28 22:21:28 After introducing the opposing view.
428/1164 aaa 08-28 22:21:24-08-28 22:21:28 Now, let's hear the response from the opposing side.
429/1164 hp 08-28 22:21:26-08-28 22:21:28 Just now, the opposing side said that actively killing and l...
430/1164 08-28 22:21:43-08-28 22:21:48 Oh,
431/1164 08-28 22:29:45-08-28 22:29:56 This is the second premise that the opposing side has argued...
432/1164 de 08-28 22:21:25-08-28 22:21:35 However, one of the leading scholars in this field is
433/1164 08-28 22:22:25-08-28 22:22:30 According to the American philosopher James Nance,
434/1164 hp 08-28 22:21:30-08-28 22:21:37 The active killing and letting die are actually not fundamen...
435/1164 xss 08-28 22:21:27-08-28 22:21:37 How to say this?
436/1164 bg 08-28 22:21:29-08-28 22:21:37 Just like the example that the opposing side raised earlier,
437/1164 08-28 22:21:32-08-28 22:21:37 There are no control variables at all.
438/1164 aaa 08-28 22:21:33-08-28 22:21:37 The two people, one of whom simply didn't want to give money...
439/1164 n 08-28 22:21:34-08-28 22:21:37 Another one is to directly want the beggar to die.
440/1164 08-28 22:21:37-08-28 22:21:48 Their motivations and intentions are completely different,
441/1164 08-28 22:21:38-08-28 22:21:48 This can't be compared.
442/1164 de 08-28 22:21:39-08-28 22:21:48 Now, Rachel has given an example of controlling variables.
443/1164 bg 08-28 22:21:40-08-28 22:21:48 One is to kill actively,
444/1164 aaa 08-28 22:21:44-08-28 22:21:48 Another is to allow death.
445/1164 n 08-28 22:21:46-08-28 22:21:48 However, there is no moral difference between the two.
446/1164 hp 08-28 22:21:42-08-28 22:21:48 Okay,
447/1164 xss 08-28 22:21:47-08-28 22:21:58 Now, let's assume there is a person named Smith.
448/1164 lx 08-28 22:21:48-08-28 22:21:58 He has a six-year-old younger brother.
449/1164 08-28 22:21:49-08-28 22:21:58 What if his little cousin dies?
450/1164 bg 08-28 22:21:50-08-28 22:21:58 He will inherit a large sum of money.
451/1164 lx 08-28 22:23:10-08-28 22:23:11 Smith really wanted to kill his little nephew.
452/1164 08-28 22:21:52-08-28 22:21:58 One night,
453/1164 hp 08-28 22:21:55-08-28 22:21:58 Smith sneaked into the bathroom.
454/1164 aaa 08-28 22:21:56-08-28 22:21:58 Put the child's head into this bathtub of water,
455/1164 n 08-28 22:21:57-08-28 22:21:58 In the case where a child is drowned,
456/1164 bg 08-28 22:21:59-08-28 22:22:10 Smith killed his little nephew on purpose.
457/1164 bg 08-28 22:22:21-08-28 22:22:30 That's terrible.
458/1164 08-28 22:22:01-08-28 22:22:10 Everyone can agree on this,
459/1164 lx 08-28 22:22:02-08-28 22:22:10 Right?
460/1164 08-28 22:22:03-08-28 22:22:10 Now, let's switch to a different scenario.
461/1164 hp 08-28 22:22:55-08-28 22:23:01 The character in the new scene is named Jones.
462/1164 hp 08-28 22:22:06-08-28 22:22:10 Then he also looked forward to the death of his six-year-old...
463/1164 aaa 08-28 22:22:05-08-28 22:22:10 It's a good thing to inherit an inheritance.
464/1164 n 08-28 22:22:07-08-28 22:22:10 Then one night,
465/1164 de 08-28 22:22:08-08-28 22:22:20 He also sneaked into the bathroom.
466/1164 xss 08-28 22:22:10-08-28 22:22:20 Also, he is planning to drown his little nephew.
467/1164 bg 08-28 22:22:11-08-28 22:22:20 But when he first entered,
468/1164 08-28 22:22:13-08-28 22:22:20 Oh, my little nephew accidentally fell down.
469/1164 aaa 08-28 22:22:15-08-28 22:22:20 And, to top it all off, his head was also hit.
470/1164 08-28 22:22:12-08-28 22:22:20 He splashed into the water.
471/1164 lx 08-28 22:22:17-08-28 22:22:20 At this time,
472/1164 n 08-28 22:22:19-08-28 22:22:20 Jones just needs to reach out,
473/1164 hp 08-28 22:22:20-08-28 22:22:30 Grab this child,
474/1164 aaa 08-28 22:22:22-08-28 22:22:30 This can save a child's life.
475/1164 08-28 22:22:23-08-28 22:22:30 But he didn't reach out,
476/1164 n 08-28 22:22:27-08-28 22:22:30 He was just standing there, watching with a smug look.
477/1164 de 08-28 22:22:26-08-28 22:22:30 Until the child is completely dead.
478/1164 lx 08-28 22:22:41-08-28 22:22:50 Here,
479/1164 de 08-28 22:23:18-08-28 22:23:23 Jones did not actively kill the child.
480/1164 lx 08-28 22:22:29-08-28 22:22:30 Instead, the child fell down on his own.
481/1164 xss 08-28 22:22:30-08-28 22:22:41 You mean you drowned yourself, right?
482/1164 bg 08-28 22:22:51-08-28 22:23:01 Then, according to the previous opposing logic,
483/1164 bg 08-28 22:22:31-08-28 22:22:41 Jones didn't act.
484/1164 hp 08-28 22:22:32-08-28 22:22:41 He just let death happen.
485/1164 08-28 22:22:34-08-28 22:22:41 So, is he morally superior to Smith who was physically viole...
486/1164 aaa 08-28 22:22:36-08-28 22:22:41 What Rachel is trying to convey with the square is that she ...
487/1164 08-28 22:22:35-08-28 22:22:41 These two actions,
488/1164 08-28 22:22:38-08-28 22:22:50 It looks different,
489/1164 n 08-28 22:22:39-08-28 22:22:41 But based solely on these two actions,
490/1164 de 08-28 22:22:40-08-28 22:22:50 Actually, there's no real moral difference.
491/1164 bg 08-28 22:22:42-08-28 22:22:50 The statement is the premise that the opposing side uses to ...
492/1164 08-28 22:22:44-08-28 22:22:50 Two is actively killing and letting people die.
493/1164 08-28 22:22:45-08-28 22:22:50 The opposing side argues that these two have significant mor...
494/1164 n 08-28 22:22:47-08-28 22:22:50 However, in the square Rachel's view,
495/1164 hp 08-28 22:22:46-08-28 22:22:50 Actually, it's not true.
496/1164 hp 08-28 22:23:15-08-28 22:23:23 Right?
497/1164 08-28 22:22:54-08-28 22:23:01 Jones's actions and Smith's actions,
498/1164 aaa 08-28 22:22:49-08-28 22:22:50 Although one is an active murderer,
499/1164 08-28 22:22:52-08-28 22:23:01 Another is to allow death.
500/1164 aaa 08-28 22:22:56-08-28 22:23:01 But their actions were all equally reprehensible.
501/1164 lx 08-28 22:24:04-08-28 22:24:06 Because their motives and intentions were all to drown the c...
502/1164 n 08-28 22:22:57-08-28 22:23:01 So, let's talk about the situation where we are putting some...
503/1164 de 08-28 22:22:59-08-28 22:23:11 Also, let's imagine a late-stage cancer patient who meets th...
504/1164 08-28 22:23:01-08-28 22:23:11 We can imagine that this person is our friend or family memb...
505/1164 08-28 22:23:35-08-28 22:23:43 He has a terminal illness.
506/1164 lx 08-28 22:23:00-08-28 22:23:01 Deceased,
507/1164 aaa 08-28 22:31:16-08-28 22:31:20 Unbearable pain,
508/1164 bg 08-28 22:23:03-08-28 22:23:11 And they continued to die,
509/1164 08-28 22:23:04-08-28 22:23:11 And it needs the help of others to die.
510/1164 08-28 22:23:05-08-28 22:23:11 Now there are two ways to help him.
511/1164 aaa 08-28 22:23:06-08-28 22:23:11 a is to remove life.
512/1164 hp 08-28 22:23:07-08-28 22:23:11 Maintain equipment,
513/1164 n 08-28 22:23:09-08-28 22:23:11 That's like pulling out a tube.
514/1164 xss 08-28 22:23:11-08-28 22:23:23 However, he will still experience a prolonged period of phys...
515/1164 bg 08-28 22:23:13-08-28 22:23:23 The method b is through injecting controlled drugs.
516/1164 08-28 22:23:16-08-28 22:23:23 Make him lose consciousness quickly,
517/1164 08-28 22:23:14-08-28 22:23:23 Then, he left peacefully.
518/1164 08-28 22:24:51-08-28 22:25:02 Okay, let's look at this. A is the death of Xiao Qin.
519/1164 aaa 08-28 22:23:20-08-28 22:23:23 This is the method of death that the opposing side refers to...
520/1164 08-28 22:23:21-08-28 22:23:33 b is the death of a positive and active person,
521/1164 n 08-28 22:23:19-08-28 22:23:23 That is what the opposing side calls "active killing."
522/1164 aaa 08-28 22:23:30-08-28 22:23:33 Can you tell me from which point we can see that method A, a...
523/1164 aaa 08-28 22:23:43-08-28 22:23:53 More ethical?
524/1164 08-28 22:24:58-08-28 22:25:11 We have said before that if this person is indeed our friend...
525/1164 lx 08-28 22:23:23-08-28 22:23:33 We are really going to favor option B.
526/1164 08-28 22:23:25-08-28 22:23:33 To know that modern medicine is getting better and better,
527/1164 08-28 22:23:26-08-28 22:23:33 Sometimes it's not about living a long life,
528/1164 hp 08-28 22:23:28-08-28 22:23:33 Instead, it prolongs the painful dying process.
529/1164 n 08-28 22:23:29-08-28 22:23:33 Oh,
530/1164 de 08-28 22:23:32-08-28 22:23:43 Saying that this dying process is prolonged.
531/1164 xss 08-28 22:23:33-08-28 22:23:43 If death itself is already allowed,
532/1164 lx 08-28 22:23:36-08-28 22:23:43 So, even a proactive death can be more desirable than a pass...
533/1164 hp 08-28 22:23:38-08-28 22:23:43 It is more compassionate to the patient.
534/1164 bg 08-28 22:23:34-08-28 22:23:43 In the eyes of university teachers,
535/1164 08-28 22:23:39-08-28 22:23:43 What is truly important to examine is the motivation behind ...
536/1164 n 08-28 22:23:40-08-28 22:23:43 Understanding the patient's situation and outcome,
537/1164 08-28 22:23:42-08-28 22:23:53 Not a doctor.
538/1164 bg 08-28 22:23:44-08-28 22:23:53 What specific actions were taken?
539/1164 n 08-28 22:24:45-08-28 22:24:52 Instead, he took the initiative to take action that resulted...
540/1164 n 08-28 22:23:46-08-28 22:23:53 Allowing death to happen passively,
541/1164 08-28 22:23:47-08-28 22:23:53 This is not important.
542/1164 08-28 22:23:48-08-28 22:23:53 If doctors truly care about the feelings of patients with la...
543/1164 08-28 22:24:25-08-28 22:24:31 Let death happen slowly.
544/1164 lx 08-28 22:23:52-08-28 22:23:53 It's not much faster or slower than letting him go.
545/1164 de 08-28 22:23:50-08-28 22:23:53 The experience of suffering is even more noble.
546/1164 hp 08-28 22:23:49-08-28 22:23:53 Okay,
547/1164 xss 08-28 22:23:53-08-28 22:24:06 After introducing the square response.
548/1164 08-28 22:23:56-08-28 22:24:06 Now, let's take a look at the counterparty's further respons...
549/1164 bg 08-28 22:23:54-08-28 22:24:06 Just now, Rachel from the square said...
550/1164 n 08-28 22:23:58-08-28 22:24:06 The decision of whether an action is moral or immoral.
551/1164 aaa 08-28 22:24:00-08-28 22:24:06 It's not just about observing the doctor's actions,
552/1164 hp 08-28 22:23:57-08-28 22:24:06 Is it active or passive?
553/1164 08-28 22:24:01-08-28 22:24:06 It depends on the doctor's motivation and intention.
554/1164 hp 08-28 22:32:17-08-28 22:32:21 That's exactly what we were expecting,
555/1164 de 08-28 22:24:03-08-28 22:24:06 Another representative of the opposing side,
556/1164 08-28 22:24:06-08-28 22:24:19 British legal scholar and ethicist.
557/1164 bg 08-28 22:24:07-08-28 22:24:19 John Keynes said,
558/1164 08-28 22:24:10-08-28 22:24:19 What's the difference between this bleak and quiet death, an...
559/1164 n 08-28 22:24:09-08-28 22:24:19 It's not just about the difference between killing and letti...
560/1164 n 08-28 22:24:54-08-28 22:25:02 Their intentions are also different.
561/1164 hp 08-28 22:24:12-08-28 22:24:19 How is this intention different?
562/1164 08-28 22:24:13-08-28 22:24:19 We envision a doctor,
563/1164 aaa 08-28 22:24:15-08-28 22:24:19 He was facing a late-stage patient.
564/1164 de 08-28 22:24:16-08-28 22:24:19 In extreme pain.
565/1164 xss 08-28 22:24:19-08-28 22:24:31 Suppose there is a treatment now that can alleviate the pain...
566/1164 bg 08-28 22:24:20-08-28 22:24:31 The doctor knew that this treatment carried the risk of shor...
567/1164 08-28 22:24:27-08-28 22:24:31 What treatment methods does the doctor use for patients with...
568/1164 n 08-28 22:24:22-08-28 22:24:31 We think it's fine.
569/1164 hp 08-28 22:24:23-08-28 22:24:31 Right?
570/1164 08-28 22:24:28-08-28 22:24:41 Because his intention is to alleviate the patient's pain,
571/1164 aaa 08-28 22:24:29-08-28 22:24:31 Although it has caused a faster death rate for patients,
572/1164 de 08-28 22:24:30-08-28 22:24:41 However, this cost is not something that doctors deliberatel...
573/1164 bg 08-28 22:24:33-08-28 22:24:41 This is a price he can foresee,
574/1164 08-28 22:25:12-08-28 22:25:21 But it is not a deliberate side effect.
575/1164 lx 08-28 22:24:31-08-28 22:24:40 Foresee, or anticipate.
576/1164 n 08-28 22:24:34-08-28 22:24:41 but this unintended side effect,
577/1164 08-28 22:24:35-08-28 22:24:41 This is the famous double effect principle in ethics.
578/1164 aaa 08-28 22:24:37-08-28 22:24:41 Simply put, it means that if a behavior produces two effects...
579/1164 08-28 22:24:38-08-28 22:24:41 One is intentional, and the other is unintentional.
580/1164 hp 08-28 22:24:39-08-28 22:24:41 Another type is independent of the actor's intention.
581/1164 xss 08-28 22:24:40-08-28 22:24:52 And the side effects that come with it.
582/1164 bg 08-28 22:24:42-08-28 22:24:52 Oh,
583/1164 de 08-28 22:24:43-08-28 22:24:52 Therefore, these are called the principle of double effect.
584/1164 08-28 22:24:47-08-28 22:24:52 So, what is the effect of that intentional action?
585/1164 aaa 08-28 22:24:48-08-28 22:24:52 The doctor's intention was to alleviate the patient's pain.
586/1164 lx 08-28 22:24:44-08-28 22:24:52 And this is a benevolent motive.
587/1164 hp 08-28 22:24:49-08-28 22:24:52 Although it has caused a side effect of accelerating death,
588/1164 bg 08-28 22:24:53-08-28 22:25:02 But doctors are not deliberately pursuing this side effect. ...
589/1164 lx 08-28 22:24:56-08-28 22:25:02 This doctor would actually clap and cheer.
590/1164 08-28 22:24:52-08-28 22:25:02 Right?
591/1164 de 08-28 22:24:57-08-28 22:25:11 Therefore, even if there are foreseeable side effects,
592/1164 hp 08-28 22:25:48-08-28 22:25:54 The doctor's actions were still justifiable.
593/1164 lx 08-28 22:25:26-08-28 22:25:32 In that case,
594/1164 hp 08-28 22:25:01-08-28 22:25:02 In the face of a late-stage cancer patient in extreme pain,
595/1164 aaa 08-28 22:24:59-08-28 22:25:02 The patient said,
596/1164 xss 08-28 22:26:04-08-28 22:26:14 I don't want to continue being on the ventilator, and I woul...
597/1164 bg 08-28 22:25:03-08-28 22:25:11 His intention was to stop a meaningless,
598/1164 xss 08-28 22:25:02-08-28 22:25:11 Invasive,
599/1164 aaa 08-28 22:25:51-08-28 22:25:54 Over-treatment that should not continue.
600/1164 n 08-28 22:25:04-08-28 22:25:11 The patient's subsequent death was a result of the progressi...
601/1164 08-28 22:25:06-08-28 22:25:11 The doctor met him.
602/1164 hp 08-28 22:25:07-08-28 22:25:11 Accept him,
603/1164 08-28 22:25:09-08-28 22:25:21 But the purpose is not to pursue action itself.
604/1164 aaa 08-28 22:25:08-08-28 22:25:11 However, when Ki-on changes his style,
605/1164 lx 08-28 22:25:11-08-28 22:25:21 If a doctor takes an active euthanasia approach,
606/1164 bg 08-28 22:25:13-08-28 22:25:21 This is a completely different situation.
607/1164 de 08-28 22:25:15-08-28 22:25:21 At this time, the patient's death was not something that doc...
608/1164 n 08-28 22:25:16-08-28 22:25:21 But it's not a deliberate side effect.
609/1164 08-28 22:25:17-08-28 22:25:21 This is the main purpose that doctors are deliberately tryin...
610/1164 hp 08-28 22:25:18-08-28 22:25:21 The doctor's intention is,
611/1164 aaa 08-28 22:26:33-08-28 22:26:38 Is it because you want to kill the patient?
612/1164 aaa 08-28 22:25:20-08-28 22:25:21 If the doctor gave a patient an injection,
613/1164 xss 08-28 22:25:21-08-28 22:25:32 The patient didn't die.
614/1164 08-28 22:25:27-08-28 22:25:32 So, this operation was a failure, right?
615/1164 08-28 22:25:22-08-28 22:25:32 The doctor wouldn't applaud for that.
616/1164 bg 08-28 22:25:23-08-28 22:25:32 Tell me, I injected a lethal drug and it failed.
617/1164 n 08-28 22:25:25-08-28 22:25:32 I'm so happy.
618/1164 hp 08-28 22:25:28-08-28 22:25:32 Oh,
619/1164 aaa 08-28 22:25:30-08-28 22:25:32 No, right?
620/1164 08-28 22:25:31-08-28 22:25:43 Because doctors are doing this because they want to kill pat...
621/1164 de 08-28 22:25:32-08-28 22:25:42 The doctor's intention to immediately kill the patient,
622/1164 bg 08-28 22:25:33-08-28 22:25:43 This makes the deaths of Gigi and Xiao Jian have completely ...
623/1164 n 08-28 22:26:54-08-28 22:26:59 So, to summarize the opposing side's argument,
624/1164 n 08-28 22:25:35-08-28 22:25:43 In response to what the opposing side said before,
625/1164 08-28 22:25:36-08-28 22:25:43 It's just the truth, that Zhao Jian and Ji Jian died.
626/1164 08-28 22:25:38-08-28 22:25:43 Cannot be because one is a death sentence,
627/1164 hp 08-28 22:25:37-08-28 22:25:43 Another is to actively kill.
628/1164 aaa 08-28 22:25:40-08-28 22:25:43 What are the ethical differences?
629/1164 lx 08-28 22:25:41-08-28 22:25:43 Is there a moral distinction?
630/1164 bg 08-28 22:25:44-08-28 22:25:54 Also, consider the doctor's motives and intentions.
631/1164 xss 08-28 22:25:42-08-28 22:25:54 Okay,
632/1164 n 08-28 22:25:45-08-28 22:25:54 Oh,
633/1164 de 08-28 22:25:46-08-28 22:25:54 According to the legal representative, this is a case of...
634/1164 08-28 22:25:49-08-28 22:25:54 Even if we consider the doctor's intentions,
635/1164 08-28 22:25:50-08-28 22:25:54 These two different forms of euthanasia also have obvious mo...
636/1164 08-28 22:25:53-08-28 22:26:04 According to the principle of double effect,
637/1164 lx 08-28 22:25:54-08-28 22:26:04 The doctor's motive for administering the lethal dose of med...
638/1164 bg 08-28 22:25:55-08-28 22:26:04 And the doctor carried out Kijian's death.
639/1164 lx 08-28 22:27:09-08-28 22:27:10 The main purpose is to deliberately cause the patient's deat...
640/1164 08-28 22:25:56-08-28 22:26:04 So, our side also managed to turn the tide of battle.
641/1164 hp 08-28 22:26:01-08-28 22:26:04 Are there significant moral differences between the deaths o...
642/1164 hp 08-28 22:27:33-08-28 22:27:45 However, it cannot be allowed that the death of Zhao Jian is...
643/1164 n 08-28 22:25:59-08-28 22:26:04 This also explains why the death of Jikong was permissible.
644/1164 08-28 22:25:58-08-28 22:26:04 Argument finished.
645/1164 aaa 08-28 22:26:00-08-28 22:26:04 Okay,
646/1164 de 08-28 22:26:03-08-28 22:26:14 Continue with the opposing viewpoint.
647/1164 bg 08-28 22:26:05-08-28 22:26:14 Okay, let's see what the other side has to say about this.
648/1164 hp 08-28 22:26:12-08-28 22:26:14 Just now, the opposing side said that when Dr. Xiao Ji execu...
649/1164 n 08-28 22:26:08-08-28 22:26:14 The doctor's intention was not to kill the patient,
650/1164 08-28 22:26:07-08-28 22:26:14 Really?
651/1164 08-28 22:26:09-08-28 22:26:14 When you said that,
652/1164 aaa 08-28 22:26:10-08-28 22:26:14 Can we really help?
653/1164 08-28 22:27:13-08-28 22:27:23 I don't even bother to explain it to you.
654/1164 bg 08-28 22:26:16-08-28 22:26:26 According to the scholar from Australia, Zhou Yujiahe, "The ...
655/1164 08-28 22:26:14-08-28 22:26:26 Many doctors are dying in negative cases,
656/1164 n 08-28 22:26:17-08-28 22:26:26 Was his intention to directly target the patient's death by ...
657/1164 lx 08-28 22:26:13-08-28 22:26:14 Patient said to the doctor,
658/1164 08-28 22:26:18-08-28 22:26:26 I'm in a lot of pain.
659/1164 hp 08-28 22:26:23-08-28 22:26:26 I don't want to live anymore.
660/1164 aaa 08-28 22:26:19-08-28 22:26:26 Please turn off the ventilator.
661/1164 08-28 22:26:20-08-28 22:26:26 Doctor's response,
662/1164 de 08-28 22:26:22-08-28 22:26:26 Okay.
663/1164 xss 08-28 22:26:26-08-28 22:26:38 At this time, didn't the doctor deliberately declare that th...
664/1164 lx 08-28 22:26:24-08-28 22:26:26 Oh,
665/1164 bg 08-28 22:26:27-08-28 22:26:38 If you say there is no doctor's intention,
666/1164 n 08-28 22:26:29-08-28 22:26:38 Just stop over-medicalizing,
667/1164 08-28 22:26:32-08-28 22:26:38 He didn't deliberately seek the patient's death.
668/1164 08-28 22:26:31-08-28 22:26:38 Oh,
669/1164 hp 08-28 22:26:34-08-28 22:26:38 You're a bit self-deceptive right now.
670/1164 de 08-28 22:26:36-08-28 22:26:38 Right?
671/1164 08-28 22:26:37-08-28 22:26:49 If the doctor disconnects the ventilator after this,
672/1164 lx 08-28 22:26:38-08-28 22:26:49 This patient didn't die,
673/1164 bg 08-28 22:27:01-08-28 22:27:10 Still suffering,
674/1164 bg 08-28 22:26:40-08-28 22:26:49 Would the doctor applaud?
675/1164 n 08-28 22:26:41-08-28 22:26:49 Hallelujah,
676/1164 08-28 22:26:42-08-28 22:26:49 Great,
677/1164 08-28 22:26:43-08-28 22:26:49 He didn't die.
678/1164 aaa 08-28 22:26:45-08-28 22:26:49 Kuzhe further pointed out that,
679/1164 hp 08-28 22:26:46-08-28 22:26:49 Due to the development of modern medical life support techno...
680/1164 de 08-28 22:26:47-08-28 22:26:59 When do many patients die?
681/1164 bg 08-28 22:26:50-08-28 22:26:59 It is no longer solely dependent on the disease.
682/1164 xss 08-28 22:26:49-08-28 22:26:59 When should I take it away?
683/1164 08-28 22:26:55-08-28 22:27:10 And it all depends on how the hospital operates.
684/1164 08-28 22:26:53-08-28 22:26:59 Right?
685/1164 aaa 08-28 22:26:57-08-28 22:26:59 Because doctors can do it.
686/1164 hp 08-28 22:26:59-08-28 22:27:10 For example, continuing to use a ventilator.
687/1164 lx 08-28 22:26:58-08-28 22:26:59 Continue taking antibiotics.
688/1164 aaa 08-28 22:27:40-08-28 22:27:45 Continue with manual feeding,
689/1164 08-28 22:27:02-08-28 22:27:10 You can stop at any time.
690/1164 n 08-28 22:27:05-08-28 22:27:10 These measures have been effective in many cases,
691/1164 08-28 22:27:04-08-28 22:27:10 When does the patient die?
692/1164 aaa 08-28 22:27:06-08-28 22:27:10 It has already become a result of the doctor's arbitrary dec...
693/1164 bg 08-28 22:27:47-08-28 22:27:55 At this time,
694/1164 de 08-28 22:27:08-08-28 22:27:10 A doctor intentionally stopped these life support measures.
695/1164 xss 08-28 22:27:10-08-28 22:27:33 Then I said that the cause of death was also due to my illne...
696/1164 bg 08-28 22:27:12-08-28 22:27:23 Is this just a bunch of bull?
697/1164 hp 08-28 22:27:15-08-28 22:27:23 Kuzhe's academic collaborators,
698/1164 08-28 22:27:16-08-28 22:27:23 Another well-known Australian, Peter Singer.
699/1164 bg 08-28 22:29:07-08-28 22:29:18 I fundamentally oppose the use of the double effect principl...
700/1164 lx 08-28 22:27:17-08-28 22:27:23 It's difficult to distinguish whether someone is more inclin...
701/1164 de 08-28 22:27:22-08-28 22:27:33 Instead of another result, one can escape from moral respons...
702/1164 aaa 08-28 22:27:19-08-28 22:27:23 If both results are ones he can foresee,
703/1164 bg 08-28 22:28:09-08-28 22:28:17 He must be responsible for both of the foreseeable consequen...
704/1164 n 08-28 22:27:20-08-28 22:27:23 Here's an example,
705/1164 hp 08-28 22:35:32-08-28 22:35:36 A chemical plant, in order to reduce costs and improve effic...
706/1164 08-28 22:27:23-08-28 22:27:33 Just dump this toxic wastewater directly into the river.
707/1164 08-28 22:27:26-08-28 22:27:33 Oh, the factory said that they didn't intend to pollute the ...
708/1164 bg 08-28 22:27:24-08-28 22:27:33 Our true intention is simply to improve factory efficiency.
709/1164 08-28 22:27:27-08-28 22:27:33 And this pollution is something we can foresee.
710/1164 aaa 08-28 22:27:29-08-28 22:27:33 But it's not intentional, but a side effect.
711/1164 lx 08-28 22:27:30-08-28 22:27:33 Then Singh would surely think that this clearly cannot absol...
712/1164 n 08-28 22:27:31-08-28 22:27:33 So, what about empathy?
713/1164 bg 08-28 22:27:34-08-28 22:27:45 The doctor performed an assisted suicide.
714/1164 08-28 22:27:36-08-28 22:27:45 When pulling out the tube,
715/1164 n 08-28 22:27:37-08-28 22:27:45 cannot be applied to the principle of double effect.
716/1164 08-28 22:27:38-08-28 22:27:45 I disclaim any responsibility for the patient's death.
717/1164 n 08-28 22:27:58-08-28 22:28:07 Oh,
718/1164 lx 08-28 22:27:41-08-28 22:27:45 Of course,
719/1164 de 08-28 22:27:44-08-28 22:27:55 Here, the meaning of "square" is...
720/1164 08-28 22:27:48-08-28 22:27:55 It's not about making this doctor take responsibility for th...
721/1164 08-28 22:27:43-08-28 22:27:55 The meaning of this square,
722/1164 08-28 22:27:50-08-28 22:27:55 Therefore, it appears that the death of this patient is attr...
723/1164 xss 08-28 22:28:58-08-28 22:29:10 And it seems that Xiao Ji'an is not responsible for his deat...
724/1164 xss 08-28 22:27:45-08-28 22:27:55 The square is the same,
725/1164 hp 08-28 22:27:51-08-28 22:27:55 All are responsible.
726/1164 n 08-28 22:27:52-08-28 22:27:55 Since everyone has a responsibility,
727/1164 aaa 08-28 22:27:54-08-28 22:27:55 Don't bother with the moral distinctions between assisted su...
728/1164 aaa 08-28 22:28:36-08-28 22:28:38 In conclusion, according to Longfang's point of view,
729/1164 08-28 22:27:59-08-28 22:28:07 How can we distinguish between the ethical boundaries of "su...
730/1164 lx 08-28 22:27:55-08-28 22:28:07 This is not just a matter of distinguishing between active k...
731/1164 bg 08-28 22:27:56-08-28 22:28:07 These two are not clearly defined.
732/1164 08-28 22:28:01-08-28 22:28:07 And even if the opposing side uses this motive and intention...
733/1164 hp 08-28 22:28:03-08-28 22:28:07 What is one that directly intends to cause the patient's dea...
734/1164 aaa 08-28 22:28:02-08-28 22:28:07 Another is predictable,
735/1164 hp 08-28 22:28:33-08-28 22:28:38 But not with the intention of killing patients.
736/1164 de 08-28 22:28:05-08-28 22:28:17 Based on this motivation to distinguish,
737/1164 08-28 22:28:06-08-28 22:28:17 In fact, this boundary is also quite vague.
738/1164 xss 08-28 22:28:07-08-28 22:28:27 So, the situation has been further disrupted by the opposing...
739/1164 08-28 22:28:10-08-28 22:28:17 Since Xiao Ji and Gigi are morally indistinguishable in thei...
740/1164 08-28 22:28:13-08-28 22:28:17 It seems that the question is, why can Xiao's assisted suici...
741/1164 lx 08-28 22:28:11-08-28 22:28:17 Okay,
742/1164 hp 08-28 22:28:17-08-28 22:28:27 The arguments between the two sides, both for and against.
743/1164 n 08-28 22:28:15-08-28 22:28:17 More is about the theoretical debates in ethics.
744/1164 aaa 08-28 22:29:10-08-28 22:29:18 Is the death of Jikian, from a moral philosophy perspective,...
745/1164 bg 08-28 22:28:18-08-28 22:28:27 So, what's next in the theory of computation?
746/1164 08-28 22:28:19-08-28 22:28:27 Let's move from theoretical considerations to practical conc...
747/1164 08-28 22:28:21-08-28 22:28:27 Once the words of Ji's family are released,
748/1164 lx 08-28 22:28:23-08-28 22:28:27 What real-world consequences might it have?
749/1164 n 08-28 22:28:22-08-28 22:28:27 Is the result a net positive or negative?
750/1164 aaa 08-28 22:28:26-08-28 22:28:27 The counterparty is undoubtedly the one who believes that it...
751/1164 08-28 22:28:27-08-28 22:28:38 Firstly, one of its obvious drawbacks is that once the relea...
752/1164 de 08-28 22:28:24-08-28 22:28:27 He will slip down this slope,
753/1164 08-28 22:28:28-08-28 22:28:38 Gradually, this loophole is being exploited.
754/1164 n 08-28 22:28:31-08-28 22:28:38 Ultimately, more and more people were killed by assisted sui...
755/1164 bg 08-28 22:28:29-08-28 22:28:38 Okay,
756/1164 08-28 22:28:32-08-28 22:28:38 First, we have the opposing side's statement.
757/1164 de 08-28 22:28:37-08-28 22:28:48 Here's a brief explanation of the program. This is not a phi...
758/1164 lx 08-28 22:28:34-08-28 22:28:38 We don't teach philosophy or big questions here.
759/1164 bg 08-28 22:28:41-08-28 22:28:48 The show focuses on a wide range of issues that people are i...
760/1164 xss 08-28 22:28:38-08-28 22:28:48 Outline using classic viewpoints from philosophy or related ...
761/1164 n 08-28 22:29:01-08-28 22:29:10 Oh,
762/1164 08-28 22:28:39-08-28 22:28:48 This is a show where philosophers debate.
763/1164 xss 08-28 22:30:18-08-28 22:30:27 The goal is to help viewers think and express themselves mor...
764/1164 n 08-28 22:28:42-08-28 22:28:48 However, if you are due to this major issue,
765/1164 08-28 22:28:43-08-28 22:28:48 I'm interested in the field of philosophy.
766/1164 hp 08-28 22:28:44-08-28 22:28:48 Oh,
767/1164 aaa 08-28 22:28:46-08-28 22:28:48 Want to learn about philosophy,
768/1164 08-28 22:28:49-08-28 22:29:00 Welcome to register for my specially designed philosophy cou...
769/1164 lx 08-28 22:28:47-08-28 22:28:48 One Hundred Philosophical Concepts to Illuminate Life.
770/1164 08-28 22:28:48-08-28 22:28:59 Oh,
771/1164 n 08-28 22:28:51-08-28 22:28:59 This course is specifically designed to teach philosophy.
772/1164 08-28 22:37:13-08-28 22:37:19 This course is taught in 100 lectures.
773/1164 08-28 22:28:53-08-28 22:29:00 Please explain in detail the 100 classic philosophical conce...
774/1164 hp 08-28 22:28:52-08-28 22:29:00 Everyone, you can pause the screenshot here.
775/1164 de 08-28 22:28:54-08-28 22:29:00 The course schedule I'm showing you,
776/1164 aaa 08-28 22:28:57-08-28 22:29:00 Check out the registration details for these 100 philosophic...
777/1164 bg 08-28 22:28:56-08-28 22:29:00 Just asked me in the background, "Philosophy class," three c...
778/1164 08-28 22:29:02-08-28 22:29:10 It takes a lot of effort to go through all 100 lectures in t...
779/1164 hp 08-28 22:29:03-08-28 22:29:10 It can make you see the world,
780/1164 lx 08-28 22:28:59-08-28 22:29:10 Understanding human nature,
781/1164 08-28 22:29:04-08-28 22:29:10 Awakening in life.
782/1164 hp 08-28 22:29:26-08-28 22:29:28 Okay,
783/1164 08-28 22:29:06-08-28 22:29:10 After introducing my philosophy class,
784/1164 hp 08-28 22:29:13-08-28 22:29:18 Let's continue with the big question in the second half.
785/1164 de 08-28 22:29:08-08-28 22:29:18 The opposing side at the seminar believes that...
786/1164 08-28 22:30:52-08-28 22:31:00 If the term "g g" is once released, it will cause a slippery...
787/1164 n 08-28 22:29:11-08-28 22:29:18 Once the impending death has been revealed,
788/1164 08-28 22:29:12-08-28 22:29:18 This is a loophole,
789/1164 lx 08-28 22:29:14-08-28 22:29:18 This will lead to an ever-expanding gap.
790/1164 aaa 08-28 22:33:24-08-28 22:33:28 The British philosopher and ethicist John Kiown used a slipp...
791/1164 n 08-28 22:30:34-08-28 22:30:38 Oh, what I mean is not that if we allow a terminally ill pat...
792/1164 08-28 22:29:16-08-28 22:29:18 Then tomorrow the doctors will start killing people randomly...
793/1164 08-28 22:29:17-08-28 22:29:28 Oh,
794/1164 xss 08-28 22:29:18-08-28 22:29:28 No, not at all.
795/1164 bg 08-28 22:29:20-08-28 22:29:28 The argument that the other side is making,
796/1164 08-28 22:29:22-08-28 22:29:28 means that once we allow the legalization of "gg Jianshi dea...
797/1164 n 08-28 22:29:21-08-28 22:29:28 So, can we still find a stable one?
798/1164 aaa 08-28 22:29:23-08-28 22:29:28 Clear,
799/1164 08-28 22:29:25-08-28 22:29:28 Boundaries that can be sustained over time,
800/1164 de 08-28 22:29:27-08-28 22:29:38 Only accept those that were originally set as extreme cases.
801/1164 lx 08-28 22:29:28-08-28 22:29:38 But refuse other increasingly similar cases?
802/1164 08-28 22:29:31-08-28 22:29:38 The opposing side believes it is difficult to understand.
803/1164 bg 08-28 22:29:30-08-28 22:29:38 Right?
804/1164 n 08-28 22:29:32-08-28 22:29:38 This side believes that we can hold this clear line.
805/1164 08-28 22:30:41-08-28 22:30:49 As long as you meet those very strict requirements,
806/1164 hp 08-28 22:29:33-08-28 22:29:38 Regarding the ones mentioned earlier,
807/1164 aaa 08-28 22:29:36-08-28 22:29:38 We can strictly select the very few people who meet the crit...
808/1164 08-28 22:29:35-08-28 22:29:38 Without exaggeration.
809/1164 xss 08-28 22:29:38-08-28 22:29:48 However, from the judge's perspective,
810/1164 08-28 22:29:37-08-28 22:29:48 Is that really the case?
811/1164 bg 08-28 22:29:40-08-28 22:29:48 However, this argument is theoretically and logically sound.
812/1164 n 08-28 22:29:41-08-28 22:29:48 However, in the complex and chaotic reality of operations,
813/1164 de 08-28 22:29:43-08-28 22:29:56 Can it also be like the logical world, where every opportuni...
814/1164 lx 08-28 22:29:42-08-28 22:29:48 Oh,
815/1164 hp 08-28 22:29:46-08-28 22:29:48 Let's start with a seemingly straightforward and acceptable ...
816/1164 08-28 22:29:47-08-28 22:29:56 Expected to be ill for less than two months.
817/1164 aaa 08-28 22:29:48-08-28 22:29:56 He is now conscious.
818/1164 n 08-28 22:29:50-08-28 22:29:56 He repeatedly and voluntarily requested to end his life.
819/1164 bg 08-28 22:29:51-08-28 22:29:56 He was enduring unbearable pain.
820/1164 08-28 22:29:53-08-28 22:30:06 There are no other reasonable treatments available.
821/1164 xss 08-28 22:29:56-08-28 22:30:06 At this time, implementing such a measure could alleviate hi...
822/1164 lx 08-28 22:29:55-08-28 22:29:56 It seems like there's no problem.
823/1164 hp 08-28 22:29:54-08-28 22:29:56 Right?
824/1164 08-28 22:30:00-08-28 22:30:06 Okay, let's consider another patient. This one isn't in as c...
825/1164 aaa 08-28 22:29:59-08-28 22:30:06 He has a severe case of multiple sclerosis.
826/1164 08-28 22:29:58-08-28 22:30:06 It could still live for another twenty years,
827/1164 lx 08-28 22:30:06-08-28 22:30:18 However, they will suffer from severe functional impairment ...
828/1164 bg 08-28 22:30:01-08-28 22:30:06 He is completely awake.
829/1164 n 08-28 22:30:03-08-28 22:30:06 After a long period of careful consideration,
830/1164 de 08-28 22:30:04-08-28 22:30:06 He said,
831/1164 hp 08-28 22:30:05-08-28 22:30:07 I know I can live a long time.
832/1164 08-28 22:30:11-08-28 22:30:18 The problem is that I don't want to live another twenty year...
833/1164 n 08-28 22:30:09-08-28 22:30:18 So, can he be executed?
834/1164 bg 08-28 22:30:08-08-28 22:30:18 If not,
835/1164 aaa 08-28 22:30:13-08-28 22:30:18 Why can one late-stage cancer patient be treated, but anothe...
836/1164 08-28 22:30:10-08-28 22:30:18 We can also say the opposite,
837/1164 08-28 22:30:15-08-28 22:30:27 This late-stage cancer patient only needs to endure for two ...
838/1164 hp 08-28 22:30:14-08-28 22:30:18 And the second person may have to wait another twenty years.
839/1164 de 08-28 22:30:16-08-28 22:30:27 If avoiding pain is the reason,
840/1164 08-28 22:30:20-08-28 22:30:27 The latter, on the other hand, may have a stronger immediate...
841/1164 bg 08-28 22:30:19-08-28 22:30:27 Why is it that Gigi's reasons?
842/1164 08-28 22:30:21-08-28 22:30:27 Why should the autonomy of the first person be respected?
843/1164 aaa 08-28 22:30:23-08-28 22:30:27 And the autonomy of the second person,
844/1164 08-28 22:31:20-08-28 22:31:29 But because he could still live for twenty years,
845/1164 n 08-28 22:30:24-08-28 22:30:27 It's not worth respecting.
846/1164 hp 08-28 22:30:25-08-28 22:30:27 If we can't answer this question,
847/1164 lx 08-28 22:30:27-08-28 22:30:38 This boundary may expand continuously.
848/1164 bg 08-28 22:30:28-08-28 22:30:38 This is a slippery slope.
849/1164 08-28 22:30:29-08-28 22:30:38 And this late-stage cancer patient can say,
850/1164 08-28 22:30:32-08-28 22:30:38 I can't bear the pain in my body anymore.
851/1164 de 08-28 22:30:30-08-28 22:30:38 Okay,
852/1164 xss 08-28 22:47:08-08-28 22:47:17 A patient who has suffered from a long-term and severe menta...
853/1164 aaa 08-28 22:30:33-08-28 22:30:38 Sure,
854/1164 hp 08-28 22:30:36-08-28 22:30:38 The pain in my heart is unbearable.
855/1164 08-28 22:30:37-08-28 22:30:49 And it has been going on for twenty years.
856/1164 xss 08-28 22:30:38-08-28 22:30:49 I can't take it anymore.
857/1164 bg 08-28 22:30:40-08-28 22:30:48 So the question is,
858/1164 hp 08-28 22:31:44-08-28 22:31:50 Why can late-stage cancer patients be executed by base?
859/1164 lx 08-28 22:30:42-08-28 22:30:49 And patients with mental illness cannot.
860/1164 08-28 22:30:43-08-28 22:30:49 Oh,
861/1164 n 08-28 22:30:45-08-28 22:30:49 Let's look at another scenario.
862/1164 aaa 08-28 22:30:47-08-28 22:30:49 Assuming there are two patients, A and B. Patient A is fully...
863/1164 de 08-28 22:30:46-08-28 22:30:49 Endure extreme pain every day,
864/1164 n 08-28 22:31:34-08-28 22:31:39 There is no possibility of treatment.
865/1164 bg 08-28 22:30:50-08-28 22:31:00 He said,
866/1164 hp 08-28 22:30:48-08-28 22:31:00 Please let me die,
867/1164 08-28 22:30:51-08-28 22:31:00 We replied that it can be done,
868/1164 aaa 08-28 22:30:53-08-28 22:31:00 Because death can relieve his pain.
869/1164 n 08-28 22:30:54-08-28 22:31:00 Look at Z again,
870/1164 de 08-28 22:30:57-08-28 22:31:00 He experienced the same pain.
871/1164 08-28 22:30:56-08-28 22:31:07 Even if they are completely the same,
872/1164 lx 08-28 22:30:59-08-28 22:31:00 The only difference is,
873/1164 08-28 22:31:26-08-28 22:31:39 He suffered from severe dementia,
874/1164 xss 08-28 22:31:00-08-28 22:31:10 Old injuries and other reasons,
875/1164 bg 08-28 22:31:01-08-28 22:31:10 Has lost the ability to make decisions,
876/1164 hp 08-28 22:31:02-08-28 22:31:10 He is currently unable to request death.
877/1164 08-28 22:31:06-08-28 22:31:11 So, should we also implement capital punishment for him?
878/1164 n 08-28 22:31:03-08-28 22:31:10 Not over yet,
879/1164 aaa 08-28 22:31:05-08-28 22:31:10 Let's take a look again,
880/1164 de 08-28 22:31:09-08-28 22:31:20 A person is very fortunate to be in the early stages of Alzh...
881/1164 08-28 22:31:07-08-28 22:31:11 He said,
882/1164 lx 08-28 22:31:10-08-28 22:31:17 If my future self completely loses cognitive ability,
883/1164 08-28 22:31:11-08-28 22:31:20 Oh,
884/1164 bg 08-28 22:31:12-08-28 22:31:20 Don't know how to live without relying on others.
885/1164 n 08-28 22:31:14-08-28 22:31:20 And it has met all the conditions I wrote down beforehand.
886/1164 hp 08-28 22:31:15-08-28 22:31:20 I hope that at that time, I will be killed by An.
887/1164 xss 08-28 22:31:17-08-28 22:31:29 When you truly reach this state,
888/1164 08-28 22:31:19-08-28 22:31:29 He has lost the ability to express agreement.
889/1164 lx 08-28 22:31:21-08-28 22:31:29 So the question is,
890/1164 bg 08-28 22:31:22-08-28 22:31:29 We should respect his autonomy when he was sober.
891/1164 n 08-28 22:31:24-08-28 22:31:29 Should we still respect the person who is currently unable t...
892/1164 aaa 08-28 22:31:27-08-28 22:31:29 In short, the opposing argument is that if we are to truly i...
893/1164 08-28 22:32:21-08-28 22:32:32 It's not as straightforward as the proponents in theory imag...
894/1164 hp 08-28 22:31:25-08-28 22:31:29 As long as we strictly screen,
895/1164 de 08-28 22:31:29-08-28 22:31:39 This will then filter out the few candidates who strictly me...
896/1164 bg 08-28 22:31:30-08-28 22:31:39 No,
897/1164 08-28 22:31:31-08-28 22:31:39 This real world is very complex.
898/1164 hp 08-28 22:32:08-08-28 22:32:10 Once the impending death has been opened,
899/1164 08-28 22:31:33-08-28 22:31:39 Legal loopholes,
900/1164 hp 08-28 22:31:35-08-28 22:31:39 This will only get bigger and bigger.
901/1164 lx 08-28 22:31:36-08-28 22:31:39 Then everything went crazy.
902/1164 xss 08-28 22:31:39-08-28 22:31:50 The initial idea for this square was based on the image of A...
903/1164 bg 08-28 22:31:40-08-28 22:31:50 Perhaps Amm is identifying extremes within the extreme.
904/1164 aaa 08-28 22:31:37-08-28 22:31:39 When all other methods have failed,
905/1164 xss 08-28 22:32:42-08-28 22:32:52 Considering using the Kijian death ritual.
906/1164 n 08-28 22:31:41-08-28 22:31:50 However, the opposition is concerned that...
907/1164 08-28 22:31:43-08-28 22:31:50 Once a behavior that was originally illegal becomes legal,
908/1164 aaa 08-28 22:31:47-08-28 22:31:50 He will then break through from one of the so-called last re...
909/1164 08-28 22:31:45-08-28 22:31:50 Right?
910/1164 de 08-28 22:31:46-08-28 22:31:50 At the beginning, people would ask...
911/1164 08-28 22:31:49-08-28 22:32:00 Oh,
912/1164 lx 08-28 22:31:50-08-28 22:32:00 Let's see if there is a way to cure the patient after all.
913/1164 08-28 22:32:36-08-28 22:32:43 It could gradually turn into another question.
914/1164 bg 08-28 22:31:51-08-28 22:32:00 Which is better, continuing treatment or euthanasia?
915/1164 08-28 22:31:53-08-28 22:32:00 Right?
916/1164 n 08-28 22:31:56-08-28 22:32:00 It seems that euthanasia has become a common option to be co...
917/1164 08-28 22:31:54-08-28 22:32:00 Once the robotic word becomes a common option,
918/1164 hp 08-28 22:31:55-08-28 22:32:00 This option itself will create a sense of pressure to choose...
919/1164 de 08-28 22:31:59-08-28 22:32:10 This is one of the reasons that American philosopher David V...
920/1164 aaa 08-28 22:31:57-08-28 22:32:00 What does this mean?
921/1164 xss 08-28 22:32:00-08-28 22:32:10 It's a square, and I think it looks like this.
922/1164 08-28 22:32:04-08-28 22:32:10 Is this a reference to the death of Gigi Giannelli?
923/1164 bg 08-28 22:32:01-08-28 22:32:10 Just provide someone with an additional option.
924/1164 08-28 22:32:02-08-28 22:32:10 Not everyone needs to use it.
925/1164 08-28 22:32:05-08-28 22:32:10 Even if he doesn't use his freedom, it has increased.
926/1164 lx 08-28 22:32:07-08-28 22:32:10 This is definitely a good thing.
927/1164 n 08-28 22:32:09-08-28 22:32:10 However, it is difficult to say where Villeman's place is.
928/1164 bg 08-28 22:32:11-08-28 22:32:21 If Anna hadn't been killed, then...
929/1164 aaa 08-28 22:32:10-08-28 22:32:21 Let's imagine an eighty-year-old man,
930/1164 08-28 22:32:13-08-28 22:32:21 He is lying in bed,
931/1164 de 08-28 22:32:14-08-28 22:32:21 The monthly medical expenses are very high.
932/1164 08-28 22:33:00-08-28 22:33:06 Need to be taken care of by children,
933/1164 08-28 22:32:15-08-28 22:32:21 He is still alive.
934/1164 n 08-28 22:32:18-08-28 22:32:21 This is a fact.
935/1164 lx 08-28 22:32:19-08-28 22:32:21 He doesn't need to explain.
936/1164 xss 08-28 22:32:20-08-28 22:32:32 Why should I continue to live.
937/1164 aaa 08-28 22:32:24-08-28 22:32:32 However, if the death of Gigi is already a completely normal...
938/1164 08-28 22:32:25-08-28 22:32:32 The same old man started to think about it.
939/1164 bg 08-28 22:32:23-08-28 22:32:32 I have two options, option A.
940/1164 08-28 22:32:27-08-28 22:32:32 My children continue to take care of me.
941/1164 aaa 08-28 22:33:35-08-28 22:33:39 b. This is the option I chose for my active euthanasia reque...
942/1164 hp 08-28 22:32:28-08-28 22:32:32 Then, living became a choice for me to continue living.
943/1164 n 08-28 22:32:29-08-28 22:32:32 Once being alive becomes a choice,
944/1164 hp 08-28 22:41:26-08-28 22:41:29 This could lead to a justification.
945/1164 de 08-28 22:32:30-08-28 22:32:32 burden,
946/1164 lx 08-28 22:32:31-08-28 22:32:43 It's a burden of proof.
947/1164 aaa 08-28 22:32:34-08-28 22:32:43 Or, it can be called the burden of proof for justification.
948/1164 bg 08-28 22:32:33-08-28 22:32:43 That is to say,
949/1164 hp 08-28 22:32:38-08-28 22:32:43 When the death of robots becomes a legal option.
950/1164 08-28 22:32:37-08-28 22:32:43 The old man was lying in bed,
951/1164 n 08-28 22:32:40-08-28 22:32:43 Listening to my children discuss the hospital bill,
952/1164 08-28 22:32:41-08-28 22:32:52 He may no longer just continue to live.
953/1164 bg 08-28 22:33:07-08-28 22:33:17 Instead, they are forced to answer a cruel question:
954/1164 de 08-28 22:32:43-08-28 22:32:52 That's why I haven't chosen to die yet.
955/1164 bg 08-28 22:32:44-08-28 22:32:52 Even under this logic,
956/1164 08-28 22:32:46-08-28 22:32:52 We can further imagine,
957/1164 08-28 22:32:47-08-28 22:32:52 There are two patients.
958/1164 bg 08-28 22:33:51-08-28 22:34:00 A and B, you two are so fake.
959/1164 aaa 08-28 22:32:48-08-28 22:32:52 I have a very good insurance.
960/1164 n 08-28 22:32:50-08-28 22:32:52 Have millions of dollars in savings.
961/1164 hp 08-28 22:32:51-08-28 22:32:52 It's necessary to hire a 24-hour caregiver at home.
962/1164 lx 08-28 22:32:52-08-28 22:33:06 They tell him every day,
963/1164 bg 08-28 22:32:54-08-28 22:33:06 Dad, no matter how much money we have, it doesn't matter.
964/1164 08-28 22:32:56-08-28 22:33:06 How long do you want to live?
965/1164 08-28 22:32:57-08-28 22:33:06 We all support you.
966/1164 n 08-28 22:33:02-08-28 22:33:06 And the patient's family doesn't have any money.
967/1164 de 08-28 22:32:59-08-28 22:33:06 The medical resources are in short supply.
968/1164 aaa 08-28 22:33:03-08-28 22:33:06 My daughter has been taking care of her for three years,
969/1164 hp 08-28 22:33:04-08-28 22:33:06 She could hear her family discussing bills every day.
970/1164 xss 08-28 22:33:06-08-28 22:33:17 So, look at this A and B.
971/1164 aaa 08-28 22:34:44-08-28 22:34:53 Who would be more willing to accept the term "g-level securi...
972/1164 08-28 22:33:08-08-28 22:33:17 If considered as a relatively weak group,
973/1164 08-28 22:33:10-08-28 22:33:17 In this case, I would like to say that...
974/1164 hp 08-28 22:33:11-08-28 22:33:17 Isn't this a voluntary act?
975/1164 lx 08-28 22:33:12-08-28 22:33:17 Everyone, please pay attention.
976/1164 aaa 08-28 22:33:56-08-28 22:34:00 There is no coercion here,
977/1164 n 08-28 22:33:14-08-28 22:33:17 No deception,
978/1164 de 08-28 22:33:15-08-28 22:33:17 No threat,
979/1164 aaa 08-28 22:33:16-08-28 22:33:17 Everyone is so kind.
980/1164 08-28 22:33:17-08-28 22:33:28 However, once the social atmosphere changes,
981/1164 bg 08-28 22:33:18-08-28 22:33:28 Pressure comes from the social structure itself.
982/1164 hp 08-28 22:33:25-08-28 22:33:28 There are many people here who oppose euthanasia based on th...
983/1164 08-28 22:33:20-08-28 22:33:28 The reason is,
984/1164 08-28 22:33:21-08-28 22:33:28 Once the opportunity arises,
985/1164 n 08-28 22:33:22-08-28 22:33:28 There is a bad doctor inside.
986/1164 de 08-28 22:33:26-08-28 22:33:39 A corrupt government has illegal operations.
987/1164 lx 08-28 22:33:27-08-28 22:33:28 There are unfilial children,
988/1164 xss 08-28 22:33:28-08-28 22:33:39 Let them call it voluntary euthanasia.
989/1164 08-28 22:33:31-08-28 22:33:39 Actually, these conspiracy theories are pointless.
990/1164 aaa 08-28 22:34:37-08-28 22:34:41 This is a slippery slope argument that the opposing side has...
991/1164 bg 08-28 22:33:30-08-28 22:33:39 None.
992/1164 08-28 22:33:32-08-28 22:33:39 Assuming these evils and corruption,
993/1164 n 08-28 22:33:34-08-28 22:33:39 Once you open the door to positive, dark humor,
994/1164 08-28 22:33:36-08-28 22:33:49 Even if we all adhere to the principle of self-compassion,
995/1164 hp 08-28 22:33:38-08-28 22:33:39 Equality,
996/1164 lx 08-28 22:33:39-08-28 22:33:49 The principle of non-discrimination,
997/1164 08-28 22:33:42-08-28 22:33:49 The crack in the slope,
998/1164 08-28 22:33:43-08-28 22:33:49 These benevolent principles will continue to be promoted.
999/1164 n 08-28 22:33:44-08-28 22:33:49 Okay,
1000/1164 de 08-28 22:36:08-08-28 22:36:18 Here are the arguments presented by the opposing side, based...
1001/1164 aaa 08-28 22:33:46-08-28 22:33:49 Okay, now let's hear what the opposing side has to say.
1002/1164 de 08-28 22:33:47-08-28 22:34:00 In response to the counter-argument that it is a landslide,
1003/1164 bg 08-28 22:42:11-08-28 22:42:20 The counter-argument is that the proposed open enrollment in...
1004/1164 xss 08-28 22:33:49-08-28 22:34:09 Actually, there is no explicit empirical data to verify.
1005/1164 08-28 22:33:52-08-28 22:34:00 This is probably a fabricated scene.
1006/1164 hp 08-28 22:33:48-08-28 22:33:49 The Home Margarita,
1007/1164 08-28 22:33:57-08-28 22:34:09 In 2007, Batting et al. analyzed the relationship between He...
1008/1164 n 08-28 22:33:53-08-28 22:34:00 Data on open euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in Or...
1009/1164 hp 08-28 22:33:59-08-28 22:34:00 Investigated the low-income elderly women,
1010/1164 08-28 22:33:55-08-28 22:34:00 Educators,
1011/1164 08-28 22:34:26-08-28 22:34:32 People with disabilities,
1012/1164 lx 08-28 22:34:00-08-28 22:34:09 Chronic disease patients,
1013/1164 08-28 22:34:03-08-28 22:34:09 Individuals with mental illness, minority groups and other v...
1014/1164 08-28 22:34:04-08-28 22:34:09 There is no evidence that these traditionally disadvantaged ...
1015/1164 bg 08-28 22:34:01-08-28 22:34:09 In addition,
1016/1164 hp 08-28 22:35:23-08-28 22:35:26 Philosopher David Gracia and Joseph Milro have raised a ques...
1017/1164 aaa 08-28 22:34:05-08-28 22:34:09 Even if we acknowledge the legalization of euthanasia,
1018/1164 n 08-28 22:34:07-08-28 22:34:09 This scope of application is really likely to expand.
1019/1164 de 08-28 22:34:09-08-28 22:34:21 However, this alone doesn't prove that legalization is wrong...
1020/1164 hp 08-28 22:34:08-08-28 22:34:09 Because it's a complete slide argument,
1021/1164 bg 08-28 22:34:12-08-28 22:34:21 It not only needs to prove that it will slide down,
1022/1164 08-28 22:34:13-08-28 22:34:21 You also have to prove that the place where it slid is actua...
1023/1164 lx 08-28 22:34:11-08-28 22:34:21 For example, suppose the initial law stipulates that...
1024/1164 aaa 08-28 22:34:15-08-28 22:34:21 Patients with late-stage cancer can have assisted suicide.
1025/1164 08-28 22:34:16-08-28 22:34:32 However, this ALS, also known as the "gradual tremor," canno...
1026/1164 hp 08-28 22:34:19-08-28 22:34:21 Later, we discovered that ALS patients can suffer from equal...
1027/1164 xss 08-28 22:34:21-08-28 22:34:41 Therefore, the law was amended to include both late-stage ca...
1028/1164 n 08-28 22:34:17-08-28 22:34:21 Oh,
1029/1164 bg 08-28 22:34:23-08-28 22:34:32 At this time, the opposing side came out.
1030/1164 08-28 22:34:20-08-28 22:34:32 It's going downhill.
1031/1164 n 08-28 22:34:25-08-28 22:34:32 But wait, hold on a second.
1032/1164 aaa 08-28 22:34:28-08-28 22:34:32 This isn't a slippery slope,
1033/1164 hp 08-28 22:34:29-08-28 22:34:32 You're just renaming any progress in a system.
1034/1164 lx 08-28 22:34:32-08-28 22:34:41 It's called a landslide.
1035/1164 de 08-28 22:34:30-08-28 22:34:41 The real problem is the second case.
1036/1164 n 08-28 22:35:43-08-28 22:35:47 Allowing late iOS to be used.
1037/1164 bg 08-28 22:34:33-08-28 22:34:41 Does this have a sufficient reason in itself?
1038/1164 08-28 22:34:34-08-28 22:34:41 If not,
1039/1164 08-28 22:34:36-08-28 22:34:41 Then you should refuse.
1040/1164 n 08-28 22:34:39-08-28 22:34:41 If so, then it should be expanded.
1041/1164 hp 08-28 22:34:40-08-28 22:34:41 Expanding itself doesn't necessarily mean that Open Anarchy ...
1042/1164 bg 08-28 22:34:43-08-28 22:34:53 In addition, regarding the previous opposing party's David V...
1043/1164 08-28 22:34:41-08-28 22:34:53 When this season's GIANTS become an option,
1044/1164 n 08-28 22:35:35-08-28 22:35:36 This option itself creates a sense of pressure to choose.
1045/1164 lx 08-28 22:34:45-08-28 22:34:53 That's true, and we can also admit it.
1046/1164 hp 08-28 22:34:48-08-28 22:34:53 It is a choice that can be freely chosen.
1047/1164 08-28 22:34:47-08-28 22:34:53 It can also bring about selection pressure.
1048/1164 n 08-28 22:34:49-08-28 22:34:53 However, one should not be discouraged because a certain fre...
1049/1164 08-28 22:34:50-08-28 22:35:03 Just cancel this freedom,
1050/1164 lx 08-28 22:35:08-08-28 22:35:13 Right?
1051/1164 xss 08-28 22:34:53-08-28 22:35:13 People have the right to divorce.
1052/1164 de 08-28 22:34:52-08-28 22:35:03 It will also bring pressure to marriage.
1053/1164 bg 08-28 22:34:54-08-28 22:35:03 Should we ban divorce?
1054/1164 n 08-28 22:34:57-08-28 22:35:03 Regarding the concerns raised by the opposing side about vol...
1055/1164 aaa 08-28 22:34:59-08-28 22:35:03 In fact, a professional team can reduce this risk through st...
1056/1164 08-28 22:34:56-08-28 22:35:03 Strictly verify whether this person is truly similar.
1057/1164 lx 08-28 22:35:00-08-28 22:35:03 Right?
1058/1164 hp 08-28 22:35:01-08-28 22:35:03 We can always collect experiential evidence through means su...
1059/1164 08-28 22:35:03-08-28 22:35:13 I can't ever know if he really wants to,
1060/1164 bg 08-28 22:35:04-08-28 22:35:13 Therefore, all voluntary actions were prohibited.
1061/1164 n 08-28 22:35:07-08-28 22:35:13 This is equivalent to saying that because of the fear of bei...
1062/1164 08-28 22:35:05-08-28 22:35:13 Therefore, all sexual relations were prohibited.
1063/1164 08-28 22:35:09-08-28 22:35:13 What we need to do is not just simply ban this,
1064/1164 aaa 08-28 22:35:11-08-28 22:35:13 And prohibiting that seems like it can lead to a virtuous li...
1065/1164 hp 08-28 22:35:12-08-28 22:35:13 In our opinion,
1066/1164 bg 08-28 22:35:15-08-28 22:35:25 To prohibit an activity that already exists and is in demand...
1067/1164 08-28 22:36:07-08-28 22:36:18 It's just like the Prohibition era in America,
1068/1164 08-28 22:35:16-08-28 22:35:25 It seems that everything is neat and tidy.
1069/1164 de 08-28 22:35:13-08-28 22:35:25 Bright and shining,
1070/1164 08-28 22:35:18-08-28 22:35:25 But privately, it brings more sin.
1071/1164 aaa 08-28 22:35:19-08-28 22:35:25 Everyone, what is the current situation?
1072/1164 08-28 22:35:24-08-28 22:35:36 The reality is that in the area of Jiji Anle, there are ille...
1073/1164 lx 08-28 22:35:20-08-28 22:35:26 What kind of violence?
1074/1164 n 08-28 22:35:22-08-28 22:35:26 Suicide,
1075/1164 08-28 22:35:27-08-28 22:35:36 The doctor secretly increased the dosage of this painkiller,...
1076/1164 xss 08-28 22:35:25-08-28 22:35:36 Family members' private assistance, etc.
1077/1164 aaa 08-28 22:35:28-08-28 22:35:36 This so-called underground euthanasia has been happening sec...
1078/1164 08-28 22:36:23-08-28 22:36:28 There is no standard term for this type of underground.
1079/1164 bg 08-28 22:35:30-08-28 22:35:36 Without third-party supervision,
1080/1164 08-28 22:35:31-08-28 22:35:36 No record.
1081/1164 lx 08-28 22:35:36-08-28 22:35:47 It is more likely to lead to real abuse and murder.
1082/1164 bg 08-28 22:35:37-08-28 22:35:47 Implementing a comprehensive ban on Andes through policy and...
1083/1164 08-28 22:35:39-08-28 22:35:47 Instead, they were driven into more hidden places.
1084/1164 de 08-28 22:35:34-08-28 22:35:46 Perhaps even more sinister corners.
1085/1164 08-28 22:35:40-08-28 22:35:47 And what about the opposite?
1086/1164 aaa 08-28 22:35:44-08-28 22:35:47 Legalize and incorporate the death of Gi-an into a strict le...
1087/1164 08-28 22:36:54-08-28 22:37:07 Replace your chaotic and uncontrolled behavior with transpar...
1088/1164 hp 08-28 22:35:41-08-28 22:35:47 Therefore,
1089/1164 08-28 22:35:45-08-28 22:35:57 We believe that,
1090/1164 xss 08-28 22:35:47-08-28 22:36:08 Instead of pretending that there is no need for euthanasia,
1091/1164 de 08-28 22:35:48-08-28 22:35:57 Instead, let's put it into a legal framework.
1092/1164 08-28 22:35:49-08-28 22:35:57 Under the supervision of society,
1093/1164 lx 08-28 22:37:14-08-28 22:37:19 To ensure that the strict standards we initially proposed ar...
1094/1164 hp 08-28 22:35:55-08-28 22:35:57 What we are trying to do is not to ban euthanasia,
1095/1164 bg 08-28 22:35:51-08-28 22:35:57 Instead, he should be regulated.
1096/1164 08-28 22:35:52-08-28 22:35:57 Supervise him.
1097/1164 lx 08-28 22:35:53-08-28 22:35:57 Okay,
1098/1164 n 08-28 22:35:56-08-28 22:35:57 After the arguments between both sides about the issue of eu...
1099/1164 n 08-28 22:36:01-08-28 22:36:08 Now we'll move on to the next question: Should cannabis be l...
1100/1164 bg 08-28 22:35:59-08-28 22:36:08 We discussed the issue of whether euthanasia should be legal...
1101/1164 aaa 08-28 22:35:57-08-28 22:36:08 In summary,
1102/1164 08-28 22:36:00-08-28 22:36:08 The main participants from both sides debated on three sub-t...
1103/1164 hp 08-28 22:36:03-08-28 22:36:08 Regarding the first sub-topic,
1104/1164 08-28 22:36:04-08-28 22:36:18 Is euthanasia a matter of self-determination?
1105/1164 lx 08-28 22:36:05-08-28 22:36:08 The argument is that...
1106/1164 n 08-28 22:36:11-08-28 22:36:18 Euthanasia is a reflection of the patient's right to self-de...
1107/1164 aaa 08-28 22:36:14-08-28 22:36:18 However, the opposing side argues that self-determination ca...
1108/1164 bg 08-28 22:36:10-08-28 22:36:18 And it cannot be concluded that he is dead.
1109/1164 08-28 22:36:12-08-28 22:36:18 However, Fang also added that,
1110/1164 n 08-28 22:37:07-08-28 22:37:18 For the doctors who are treating patients in Harbin,
1111/1164 hp 08-28 22:36:49-08-28 22:36:59 This does not constitute an obligation.
1112/1164 hp 08-28 22:36:15-08-28 22:36:18 Also requires the doctor's voluntary consent.
1113/1164 lx 08-28 22:36:16-08-28 22:36:28 The second question in the set,
1114/1164 xss 08-28 22:36:18-08-28 22:36:37 The difference between the death of Xiao Jian and the death ...
1115/1164 bg 08-28 22:36:19-08-28 22:36:28 The opposing side is trying to highlight the moral differenc...
1116/1164 aaa 08-28 22:36:22-08-28 22:36:28 Both of them, regardless of their actions,
1117/1164 n 08-28 22:36:20-08-28 22:36:28 In terms of behavior,
1118/1164 hp 08-28 22:36:24-08-28 22:36:28 There are obvious moral differences in terms of motivation.
1119/1164 08-28 22:36:26-08-28 22:36:37 And, on the other hand, Square argues that...
1120/1164 08-28 22:36:28-08-28 22:36:48 In terms of behavior and motivation, the two are actually no...
1121/1164 de 08-28 22:36:27-08-28 22:36:37 Therefore,
1122/1164 hp 08-28 22:37:15-08-28 22:37:19 Since Schiavi is morally permissible,
1123/1164 bg 08-28 22:36:30-08-28 22:36:37 The third subtopic, which is also permissible, concerns the ...
1124/1164 n 08-28 22:36:31-08-28 22:36:37 What are the possible real-world consequences of this?
1125/1164 aaa 08-28 22:36:33-08-28 22:36:37 French people believe that,
1126/1164 08-28 22:36:34-08-28 22:36:37 Once you open this small hole,
1127/1164 lx 08-28 22:36:35-08-28 22:36:37 It will lead to landslides.
1128/1164 hp 08-28 22:36:37-08-28 22:36:48 As a result, everything went completely chaotic.
1129/1164 08-28 22:36:38-08-28 22:36:48 However, the square doesn't think so.
1130/1164 bg 08-28 22:36:40-08-28 22:36:48 Even if legalizing euthanasia may bring some drawbacks,
1131/1164 08-28 22:36:42-08-28 22:36:48 However, these drawbacks can be avoided through stricter scr...
1132/1164 n 08-28 22:36:41-08-28 22:36:48 We cannot simply add another free option,
1133/1164 lx 08-28 22:36:44-08-28 22:36:48 It will bring a price and prohibit freedom.
1134/1164 aaa 08-28 22:36:46-08-28 22:36:48 Instead of banning a demand that is already forbidden,
1135/1164 xss 08-28 22:36:48-08-28 22:37:07 Let's put it in the sun to regulate and supervise.
1136/1164 de 08-28 22:36:45-08-28 22:36:48 After the discussion,
1137/1164 bg 08-28 22:36:51-08-28 22:36:59 We will find that euthanasia truly questions not only whethe...
1138/1164 08-28 22:36:50-08-28 22:36:59 Why does medicine exist?
1139/1164 n 08-28 22:36:53-08-28 22:36:59 What is the ultimate purpose of medicine?
1140/1164 08-28 22:36:56-08-28 22:36:59 Two thousand years ago, the oath of Sipoca.
1141/1164 08-28 22:37:56-08-28 22:38:01 On the one hand, it requires doctors to avoid causing harm t...
1142/1164 aaa 08-28 22:36:57-08-28 22:36:59 On the other hand, it also explicitly states that it is not ...
1143/1164 lx 08-28 22:36:58-08-28 22:37:07 Because the patient requested a lethal dose of medication, I...
1144/1164 de 08-28 22:36:59-08-28 22:37:07 However,
1145/1164 de 08-28 22:37:39-08-28 22:37:50 When a disease is incurable,
1146/1164 bg 08-28 22:37:01-08-28 22:37:07 What constitutes a true form of benefit for patients?
1147/1164 hp 08-28 22:37:05-08-28 22:37:07 To continue to extend life as much as possible,
1148/1164 08-28 22:37:02-08-28 22:37:07 To alleviate pain,
1149/1164 aaa 08-28 22:37:03-08-28 22:37:07 In certain extreme cases,
1150/1164 08-28 22:37:06-08-28 22:37:07 Help someone end their life?
1151/1164 08-28 22:37:09-08-28 22:37:19 In fact, we all will eventually leave this world.
1152/1164 bg 08-28 22:37:10-08-28 22:37:19 Maybe we should really ask ourselves.
1153/1164 aaa 08-28 22:37:11-08-28 22:37:19 As the day approached,
1154/1164 de 08-28 22:37:17-08-28 22:37:29 We hope that doctors will do everything possible to keep us ...
1155/1164 aaa 08-28 22:37:57-08-28 22:38:01 Still hope that when my life is over,
1156/1164 08-28 22:37:18-08-28 22:37:29 We can still reduce the pain,
1157/1164 aaa 08-28 22:45:27-08-28 22:45:29 More choices.
1158/1164 n 08-28 22:37:21-08-28 22:37:29 Then, gracefully leave this world.
1159/1164 xss 08-28 22:37:19-08-28 22:37:29 Welcome.
1160/1164 08-28 22:38:15-08-28 22:38:23 Also participate in the discussion of major issues with phil...
1161/1164 bg 08-28 22:37:22-08-28 22:37:29 Their opinions have been published.
1162/1164 08-28 22:37:23-08-28 22:37:29 Now it's your turn to speak.
1163/1164 aaa 08-28 22:38:37-08-28 22:38:45 Please cast your vote in the comments section below,
1164/1164 08-28 22:37:25-08-28 22:37:29 And share your opinion.