1/419 hp 09-03 21:02:52-09-03 21:02:55 In 2026, Professor Deng Yu of the Mathematics Department at ...
2/419 bg 09-03 20:51:20-09-03 20:51:28 By the way, I'd like to mention this.
3/419 09-03 20:51:21-09-03 20:51:28 So far, the University of Ziyang has...
4/419 09-03 20:52:40-09-03 20:52:58 Ten scholars have already won the Fields Medal.
5/419 aaa 09-03 20:51:24-09-03 20:51:28 And this is the award that is known as the Nobel Prize in ma...
6/419 09-03 20:51:23-09-03 20:51:28 This time,
7/419 aaa 09-03 20:52:52-09-03 20:52:58 The reward was a hundred and twenty-five years of questionin...
8/419 hp 09-03 20:51:26-09-03 20:51:28 Why a world full of chance can produce order.
9/419 bg 09-03 20:51:30-09-03 20:51:43 From Newton, Poincaré, Hilbert to today's Deng Xiaoping, gen...
10/419 de 09-03 20:51:27-09-03 20:51:40 Trying to answer the same question,
11/419 aaa 09-03 20:52:38-09-03 20:52:42 The laws of physics that are difficult to establish,
12/419 xss 09-03 20:51:28-09-03 20:51:43 It seems like just experience,
13/419 n 09-03 20:52:55-09-03 20:52:58 It can be derived step by step from the most basic movements...
14/419 09-03 20:51:31-09-03 20:51:40 The answer to this question,
15/419 09-03 20:51:32-09-03 20:51:40 What is the foundation of modern science?
16/419 n 09-03 20:51:36-09-03 20:51:43 Why can the world make us live in a wonderful contradiction ...
17/419 hp 09-03 20:51:34-09-03 20:51:40 On the one hand,
18/419 aaa 09-03 20:51:37-09-03 20:51:44 We know that the world is full of randomness.
19/419 09-03 20:51:47-09-03 20:52:00 No one knew which leaf would be blown away by the next gust ...
20/419 09-03 20:51:49-09-03 20:52:00 No one knew where the next drop of rain would fall, on the r...
21/419 09-03 20:51:38-09-03 20:52:00 No one can predict the location of a molecule in the air aft...
22/419 hp 09-03 20:51:50-09-03 20:52:00 On the other hand,
23/419 de 09-03 20:51:52-09-03 20:52:00 We are constantly relying on predictions about life.
24/419 n 09-03 20:51:53-09-03 20:52:00 The weather forecast tells me,
25/419 xss 09-03 20:51:56-09-03 20:52:00 Will it rain tomorrow?
26/419 bg 09-03 20:51:59-09-03 20:52:12 Engineers calculate how airplanes fly.
27/419 hp 09-03 20:52:05-09-03 20:52:14 Physicians in the Atlantic use fluid dynamics to explain blo...
28/419 aaa 09-03 20:52:00-09-03 20:52:14 Spacecraft rely on precise calculations to traverse millions...
29/419 09-03 20:52:02-09-03 20:52:14 If the world really sinks,
30/419 09-03 20:52:03-09-03 20:52:14 None of this will happen.
31/419 n 09-03 20:52:07-09-03 20:52:14 Modern science can establish a very important premise,
32/419 de 09-03 20:52:10-09-03 20:52:15 Believe that there is order behind chaos.
33/419 xss 09-03 20:52:12-09-03 20:52:26 The idea of a daughter is hidden in the chance encounter.
34/419 bg 09-03 20:52:15-09-03 20:52:28 It sounds like it's almost a given today.
35/419 09-03 20:52:14-09-03 20:52:28 In the 19th century,
36/419 09-03 20:52:17-09-03 20:52:28 He was once a fierce intellectual debate.
37/419 09-03 20:52:19-09-03 20:52:28 At that time, people had already accepted Newtonian mechanic...
38/419 aaa 09-03 20:52:22-09-03 20:52:28 As long as you know the position and velocity of an object, ...
39/419 n 09-03 20:52:25-09-03 20:52:28 Where will I go next.
40/419 hp 09-03 20:52:26-09-03 20:52:30 The entire universe is like a giant clock.
41/419 de 09-03 20:52:28-09-03 20:52:41 Each gear rotates according to a fixed pattern.
42/419 xss 09-03 20:52:29-09-03 20:52:42 However,
43/419 bg 09-03 20:52:32-09-03 20:52:42 When the research object becomes a cloud of air,
44/419 09-03 20:52:33-09-03 20:52:42 The situation suddenly got out of control.
45/419 09-03 20:52:36-09-03 20:52:42 How many molecules are there in the air?
46/419 hp 09-03 20:52:42-09-03 20:52:58 The air in an ordinary room contains approximately 10 to the...
47/419 n 09-03 20:52:37-09-03 20:52:42 A molecule,
48/419 bg 09-03 20:52:47-09-03 20:52:58 It is about 10 million times more than the number of stars i...
49/419 de 09-03 20:52:44-09-03 20:52:58 They are constantly flying, colliding, and changing directio...
50/419 09-03 20:52:48-09-03 20:52:58 The number of collisions that occur every second is almost u...
51/419 09-03 20:53:33-09-03 20:53:43 No calculation can track.
52/419 09-03 20:52:49-09-03 20:52:58 Every particle's movement,
53/419 aaa 09-03 20:54:11-09-03 20:54:25 If Newton's method still applies,
54/419 bg 09-03 20:52:59-09-03 20:53:14 So now physics is almost impossible to keep up with.
55/419 xss 09-03 20:52:58-09-03 20:53:14 Science needs another language, Boltzmann.
56/419 09-03 20:53:00-09-03 20:53:14 Believe in something that no one can prove.
57/419 n 09-03 20:53:03-09-03 20:53:14 In 1872, Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann proposed a bold...
58/419 aaa 09-03 20:53:55-09-03 20:54:08 Since no one can track every particle,
59/419 bg 09-03 20:53:57-09-03 20:54:10 Then he won't track him anymore.
60/419 hp 09-03 20:53:06-09-03 20:53:16 Investigate the overall Boltzmann,
61/419 09-03 20:53:07-09-03 20:53:16 The concern is no longer where that molecule has gone.
62/419 de 09-03 20:53:11-09-03 20:53:16 On average, how many particles will appear here?
63/419 aaa 09-03 20:53:10-09-03 20:53:16 What kind of speed do they have?
64/419 09-03 20:53:13-09-03 20:53:29 This is the later famous Volterra equation.
65/419 bg 09-03 20:53:17-09-03 20:53:29 Today, almost all statistics,
66/419 09-03 20:53:18-09-03 20:53:29 Physics,
67/419 xss 09-03 20:53:23-09-03 20:53:29 Thermodynamics,
68/419 n 09-03 20:53:21-09-03 20:53:29 Gas,
69/419 09-03 20:53:24-09-03 20:53:29 The principles of dynamics are based on this idea.
70/419 aaa 09-03 20:53:26-09-03 20:53:29 It means a fundamental shift in perspective.
71/419 de 09-03 20:53:28-09-03 20:53:42 Newton studied each marble.
72/419 hp 09-03 20:53:29-09-03 20:53:42 Boltzmann,
73/419 bg 09-03 20:53:30-09-03 20:53:42 The study focuses on the entire beach.
74/419 n 09-03 20:53:35-09-03 20:53:42 Newton described the steps of a pedestrian.
75/419 09-03 20:53:40-09-03 20:53:56 Boltzmann started to count the number of people in the entir...
76/419 09-03 20:53:36-09-03 20:53:43 Surprisingly,
77/419 aaa 09-03 20:53:39-09-03 20:53:43 This statistical method is remarkably successful.
78/419 xss 09-03 20:53:41-09-03 20:53:56 He accurately explained the temperature,
79/419 de 09-03 20:54:05-09-03 20:54:10 Stress,
80/419 n 09-03 20:53:47-09-03 20:53:56 Diffusion merchants and the second law of thermodynamics.
81/419 bg 09-03 20:53:44-09-03 20:53:56 Later,
82/419 09-03 20:53:51-09-03 20:53:56 People have even used it to establish modern aircraft engine...
83/419 hp 09-03 20:53:48-09-03 20:53:56 However,
84/419 09-03 20:53:49-09-03 20:53:56 Boltzmann's life was not smooth.
85/419 de 09-03 20:53:53-09-03 20:53:56 Late 19th century,
86/419 n 09-03 20:53:59-09-03 20:54:10 Many European physicists still doubted the existence of atom...
87/419 09-03 20:54:00-09-03 20:54:10 They consider the so-called atom to be merely a convenient a...
88/419 hp 09-03 20:54:03-09-03 20:54:10 No one has ever truly seen him.
89/419 09-03 20:54:04-09-03 20:54:10 They almost defended their theories with everything they had...
90/419 09-03 20:55:00-09-03 20:55:11 1906,
91/419 aaa 09-03 20:55:22-09-03 20:55:29 Due to prolonged academic disputes and depression,
92/419 xss 09-03 20:54:08-09-03 20:54:25 He ended his life during a vacation in Italy.
93/419 09-03 20:54:10-09-03 20:54:25 Two years later,
94/419 09-03 20:54:16-09-03 20:54:25 French physicist Jean Perrin demonstrated the existence of a...
95/419 bg 09-03 20:54:14-09-03 20:54:25 The first convincing proof of the existence of atoms.
96/419 09-03 20:56:16-09-03 20:56:26 Einstein's previous theoretical analysis of Brownian motion ...
97/419 hp 09-03 20:54:15-09-03 20:54:25 History is often full of irony,
98/419 09-03 20:54:19-09-03 20:54:25 Boltzmann did not wait for his victory.
99/419 n 09-03 20:54:20-09-03 20:54:25 Physics stood by him in the end,
100/419 de 09-03 20:54:23-09-03 20:54:41 There is no math.
101/419 bg 09-03 21:04:27-09-03 21:04:36 Because everyone believes that the Boltzmann equation is cor...
102/419 bg 09-03 20:55:43-09-03 20:55:53 However, no one could answer a more fundamental question.
103/419 bg 09-03 20:54:26-09-03 20:54:41 Why is it necessarily correct?
104/419 09-03 20:54:27-09-03 20:54:41 Bertie's Sixth Question.
105/419 09-03 20:54:30-09-03 20:54:41 In 1900,
106/419 xss 09-03 20:54:38-09-03 20:54:56 At the International Mathematical Congress in Paris, German ...
107/419 hp 09-03 20:54:34-09-03 20:54:41 I hope they can guide mathematics for the next hundred years...
108/419 n 09-03 20:54:32-09-03 20:54:41 Later,
109/419 aaa 09-03 20:54:37-09-03 20:54:41 People call them the Hilbert problems.
110/419 bg 09-03 20:54:43-09-03 20:54:56 The sixth question stands out as being particularly differen...
111/419 09-03 20:54:41-09-03 20:54:56 He is talking about physics.
112/419 aaa 09-03 20:54:50-09-03 20:54:56 More accurately, he is discussing how to establish a rigorou...
113/419 09-03 20:54:48-09-03 20:54:56 This goal sounds abstract.
114/419 09-03 20:54:45-09-03 20:54:56 To make it easier to explain,
115/419 n 09-03 20:54:52-09-03 20:54:56 Let's imagine the problem as a bridge.
116/419 de 09-03 20:54:54-09-03 20:55:11 One end of the bridge is Newton.
117/419 hp 09-03 20:54:56-09-03 20:55:11 Here is an example,
118/419 bg 09-03 20:54:58-09-03 20:55:11 They collided like beads.
119/419 09-03 20:55:02-09-03 20:55:11 Strictly adhere to Newton's laws of motion.
120/419 n 09-03 20:55:04-09-03 20:55:11 The middle of the bridge is Boltzmann.
121/419 aaa 09-03 20:55:06-09-03 20:55:11 There are no specific examples here.
122/419 09-03 20:55:07-09-03 20:55:23 Only probability distributions and statistical laws remain.
123/419 xss 09-03 20:55:10-09-03 20:55:23 At the other end of the bridge,
124/419 bg 09-03 20:55:13-09-03 20:55:23 This is fluid mechanics.
125/419 09-03 20:55:14-09-03 20:55:23 Air is no longer a collection of particles,
126/419 09-03 20:55:15-09-03 20:55:26 It turned into a continuous flow of wind.
127/419 xss 09-03 20:56:11-09-03 20:56:26 The ocean is no longer a collection of individual drops,
128/419 n 09-03 20:55:17-09-03 20:55:25 And became capable of calculating speed,
129/419 hp 09-03 20:55:18-09-03 20:55:26 Overall stress and turbulence.
130/419 de 09-03 20:55:19-09-03 20:55:26 Three Worlds describes the same reality,
131/419 bg 09-03 20:55:27-09-03 20:55:41 Just observing the scale is getting bigger.
132/419 xss 09-03 20:55:29-09-03 20:55:41 If Newton was studying how a soldier walks,
133/419 09-03 20:55:30-09-03 20:55:41 Then Boltzmann started to study the entire team, up to fluid...
134/419 09-03 20:55:32-09-03 20:55:41 What people see is how a military unit moves.
135/419 bg 09-03 20:56:27-09-03 20:56:40 Or, put it in a more everyday way.
136/419 n 09-03 20:55:33-09-03 20:55:41 Liu Doun focuses on a person's footsteps.
137/419 09-03 20:55:36-09-03 20:55:41 Boltzmann statistics describe the overall population of a st...
138/419 hp 09-03 20:55:38-09-03 20:55:41 The Navier-Stokes equation describes the tidal flow of a cit...
139/419 de 09-03 20:55:40-09-03 20:55:53 Three descriptions that match each other,
140/419 aaa 09-03 20:55:41-09-03 20:55:53 However, it is still lacking in strict mathematical connecti...
141/419 09-03 20:55:44-09-03 20:55:53 Especially the first step.
142/419 09-03 20:55:49-09-03 20:55:53 Why are there so many examples of people who chase Newton's ...
143/419 n 09-03 20:55:46-09-03 20:55:53 After countless collisions,
144/419 hp 09-03 20:55:51-09-03 20:55:53 Will exhibit statistical laws described by the Boltzmann equ...
145/419 09-03 20:55:52-09-03 20:56:07 This bridge,
146/419 xss 09-03 20:55:53-09-03 20:56:07 People knew it should exist.
147/419 xss 09-03 20:57:23-09-03 20:57:39 However, no one has ever been able to fix it.
148/419 09-03 21:04:28-09-03 21:04:36 For over a century,
149/419 09-03 20:55:57-09-03 20:56:08 Countless mathematicians stopped in the middle of the bridge...
150/419 bg 09-03 20:55:55-09-03 20:56:07 They can take their first step.
151/419 n 09-03 20:56:00-09-03 20:56:07 You can also see the other shore from afar.
152/419 aaa 09-03 20:56:03-09-03 20:56:08 But I could never complete the final stretch, fifty years of...
153/419 09-03 20:56:01-09-03 20:56:08 1975,
154/419 de 09-03 20:56:04-09-03 20:56:11 American mathematician Oscar N. Newman has finally made a si...
155/419 hp 09-03 20:56:05-09-03 20:56:11 He first rigorously proved,
156/419 bg 09-03 20:56:10-09-03 20:56:26 The Boltzmann equation can indeed be derived from Newtonian ...
157/419 09-03 20:56:12-09-03 20:56:26 The entire mathematical community is excited.
158/419 09-03 20:56:18-09-03 20:56:26 However, people soon found that the bridge was still not rep...
159/419 aaa 09-03 20:56:20-09-03 20:56:26 Lando's proof only applies to a very short period of time.
160/419 n 09-03 20:56:15-09-03 20:56:26 How short can it be?
161/419 bg 09-03 20:57:54-09-03 20:58:07 I have a particle that has collided with another particle se...
162/419 hp 09-03 20:56:23-09-03 20:56:26 The proof is complete.
163/419 de 09-03 20:56:26-09-03 20:56:40 The reason is not due to the computational load.
164/419 n 09-03 20:56:29-09-03 20:56:40 The real difficulty lies in time.
165/419 09-03 20:56:30-09-03 20:56:40 Assuming two particles meet for the first time,
166/419 hp 09-03 20:56:35-09-03 20:56:40 They are strangers to each other.
167/419 09-03 20:56:33-09-03 20:56:40 It's very simple to count.
168/419 aaa 09-03 20:57:34-09-03 20:57:39 But if they keep encountering each other,
169/419 aaa 09-03 20:57:20-09-03 20:57:23 I have encountered other examples again.
170/419 aaa 09-03 20:56:37-09-03 20:56:40 Come back again after more collisions,
171/419 xss 09-03 20:56:40-09-03 20:56:53 They shared a common history, mathematicians.
172/419 09-03 20:56:38-09-03 20:56:54 Call this relationship correlation.
173/419 09-03 20:56:43-09-03 20:56:56 He is a bit like human society.
174/419 bg 09-03 20:56:41-09-03 20:56:56 Just when I entered university,
175/419 09-03 20:56:46-09-03 20:56:56 Everyone is a stranger to each other.
176/419 aaa 09-03 20:56:48-09-03 20:56:56 If we count the entire campus,
177/419 n 09-03 20:56:49-09-03 20:56:56 A student suddenly encountered another student.
178/419 hp 09-03 20:56:50-09-03 20:56:56 It's relatively easy to analyze.
179/419 xss 09-03 20:56:57-09-03 20:57:11 A few years later,
180/419 de 09-03 20:56:52-09-03 20:56:56 Dear students,
181/419 bg 09-03 20:56:59-09-03 20:57:11 Roommate,
182/419 09-03 20:57:00-09-03 20:57:11 Dear Friend,
183/419 09-03 20:57:02-09-03 20:57:11 The relationship coach keeps appearing,
184/419 aaa 09-03 20:57:03-09-03 20:57:11 Everyone has an increasingly complex network of relationship...
185/419 hp 09-03 20:57:08-09-03 20:57:11 At this time, analyze the entire campus.
186/419 n 09-03 20:57:05-09-03 20:57:11 People are no longer independent of each other.
187/419 de 09-03 20:57:10-09-03 20:57:23 The examples in the air will also gradually acquire such mem...
188/419 n 09-03 21:04:30-09-03 21:04:36 The collision that happened today will affect the next one.
189/419 09-03 20:57:11-09-03 20:57:23 The next collision will change the motion of more particles.
190/419 bg 09-03 20:57:12-09-03 20:57:23 As time goes on,
191/419 09-03 20:57:14-09-03 20:57:23 These connections spread rapidly like vines.
192/419 09-03 20:57:16-09-03 20:57:23 Ultimately, a nearly uncalculable giant net was formed.
193/419 hp 09-03 20:57:19-09-03 20:57:23 For the past half-century, almost all evidence has been stor...
194/419 n 09-03 20:57:22-09-03 20:57:23 Because no one can prove this increasingly complex network,
195/419 09-03 20:57:27-09-03 20:57:39 It will not ultimately consume the entire statistical patter...
196/419 n 09-03 20:57:30-09-03 20:57:39 And this is also the problem that Deng Yu later faced.
197/419 bg 09-03 20:57:25-09-03 20:57:39 Korean fried chicken is the inspiration.
198/419 hp 09-03 20:57:31-09-03 20:57:39 Many mathematical breakthroughs don't happen on the blackboa...
199/419 hp 09-03 20:58:19-09-03 20:58:23 The Pang family got into a carriage.
200/419 09-03 20:59:30-09-03 20:59:41 Suddenly realized the profound connection hidden between a s...
201/419 09-03 20:57:33-09-03 20:57:39 Newton, while watching an apple fall from a tree, began to t...
202/419 de 09-03 20:57:35-09-03 20:57:39 Why don't celestial bodies fall down?
203/419 09-03 20:57:38-09-03 20:57:53 Archimedes stepped into the bathtub,
204/419 09-03 20:57:42-09-03 20:57:53 He exclaimed the legendary story of Ourea, a lamp made from ...
205/419 bg 09-03 20:57:41-09-03 20:57:53 More warmth and coziness.
206/419 xss 09-03 20:58:20-09-03 20:58:37 2021,
207/419 hp 09-03 20:57:46-09-03 20:57:53 During his visit to Providence, Rhode Island in the United S...
208/419 n 09-03 20:57:44-09-03 20:57:53 Walked into a Korean fried chicken restaurant,
209/419 aaa 09-03 20:57:45-09-03 20:57:53 While waiting for the food,
210/419 de 09-03 20:57:52-09-03 20:58:05 A sudden idea has been troubling mathematicians for decades,...
211/419 09-03 20:57:49-09-03 20:57:53 Why is it necessary to calculate everything in one go?
212/419 xss 09-03 20:57:53-09-03 20:58:05 What if it's cut?
213/419 09-03 20:57:56-09-03 20:58:07 Later, Zheng Yu recalled that...
214/419 n 09-03 20:57:57-09-03 20:58:07 It is not a complete proof.
215/419 aaa 09-03 20:58:00-09-03 20:58:07 It's just a very simple idea.
216/419 09-03 20:58:02-09-03 20:58:07 If it's too long or complicated,
217/419 hp 09-03 20:58:04-09-03 20:58:07 Break down the long-term into many pieces.
218/419 n 09-03 20:59:14-09-03 20:59:21 In a short time, this sounds like common sense.
219/419 n 09-03 20:58:13-09-03 20:58:23 The difficulty lies in turning this intuition into a mathema...
220/419 09-03 20:58:05-09-03 20:58:22 Over the past few decades,
221/419 de 09-03 20:58:08-09-03 20:58:22 Mathematicians face an endless movie,
222/419 bg 09-03 20:58:09-09-03 20:58:22 Each collision affects the next,
223/419 09-03 20:58:15-09-03 20:58:23 New relationships are constantly being layered on top of eac...
224/419 aaa 09-03 20:58:12-09-03 20:58:22 Finally, a nearly infinite history is formed.
225/419 09-03 20:58:16-09-03 20:58:23 Deng Yu's collaborator, Zahir Hani.
226/419 aaa 09-03 20:58:25-09-03 20:58:37 He is also the supervisor of Tao Zhe-xuan's doctoral student...
227/419 bg 09-03 20:58:30-09-03 20:58:37 The first idea was to cut the movie into countless short fil...
228/419 de 09-03 20:58:26-09-03 20:58:37 Each paragraph is concise and to the point.
229/419 09-03 20:58:27-09-03 20:58:37 Each paragraph can be strictly analyzed.
230/419 n 09-03 20:59:56-09-03 21:00:09 Then, after proving that these clips can be reassembled,
231/419 09-03 20:59:15-09-03 20:59:32 Still maintain overall logical consistency.
232/419 n 09-03 20:58:31-09-03 20:58:37 But the true intention is not just to cut,
233/419 09-03 20:58:34-09-03 20:58:37 More importantly,
234/419 09-03 20:58:35-09-03 20:58:48 They created an unprecedented ledger.
235/419 n 09-03 20:58:41-09-03 20:58:51 Mathematicians have considered all possible collisions,
236/419 hp 09-03 20:58:37-09-03 20:58:48 Historical collisions,
237/419 bg 09-03 20:58:38-09-03 20:58:51 Ten collisions,
238/419 aaa 09-03 20:58:45-09-03 20:58:51 Record all 100 collisions and various cross-related relation...
239/419 de 09-03 20:58:46-09-03 20:58:55 Analyze the impact of each concept on a layer-by-layer basis...
240/419 09-03 20:58:42-09-03 20:58:51 In the past,
241/419 09-03 20:58:49-09-03 20:59:06 People are concerned that the constant collisions will escal...
242/419 xss 09-03 20:58:48-09-03 20:58:55 Completely destroy the statistical laws,
243/419 09-03 20:58:52-09-03 20:59:01 And Deng proved that this was not the case.
244/419 09-03 21:04:31-09-03 21:04:36 There are indeed repeated collisions.
245/419 hp 09-03 20:58:53-09-03 20:59:06 There is indeed a common history.
246/419 bg 09-03 20:58:56-09-03 20:59:06 However,
247/419 n 09-03 20:58:57-09-03 20:59:06 Their impact is always strictly controlled.
248/419 aaa 09-03 20:59:00-09-03 20:59:09 It cannot be accumulated indefinitely.
249/419 09-03 20:58:59-09-03 20:59:07 The most complex concepts,
250/419 xss 09-03 20:59:04-09-03 20:59:18 More like a circle of ripples on the surface of a lake,
251/419 09-03 20:59:08-09-03 20:59:21 Intertwined ripples.
252/419 de 09-03 20:59:03-09-03 20:59:09 They keep meeting,
253/419 bg 09-03 20:59:10-09-03 20:59:21 Constant interference,
254/419 hp 09-03 20:59:11-09-03 20:59:21 Cancel each other out.
255/419 09-03 20:59:18-09-03 20:59:25 The area is full of fluctuations.
256/419 de 09-03 20:59:21-09-03 20:59:32 But it didn't change the shape of the entire lake.
257/419 aaa 09-03 20:59:19-09-03 20:59:23 Therefore,
258/419 xss 09-03 20:59:22-09-03 20:59:36 A century-long speculation,
259/419 n 09-03 21:02:00-09-03 21:02:10 Finally, we have a complete proof that the independence assu...
260/419 bg 09-03 20:59:26-09-03 20:59:36 Newton's law of motion can eventually transition naturally t...
261/419 n 09-03 20:59:28-09-03 20:59:36 The bridge in the statistical world of Hilbert has finally c...
262/419 xss 09-03 21:00:55-09-03 21:01:13 Why does mathematics need proof? Many people are still wonde...
263/419 09-03 20:59:36-09-03 20:59:54 Since the Boltzmann equation has been able to correctly pred...
264/419 de 09-03 20:59:37-09-03 20:59:54 Why is it necessary to prove that the answer lies in the dee...
265/419 hp 09-03 20:59:32-09-03 20:59:41 The experiment tells us that...
266/419 aaa 09-03 20:59:33-09-03 20:59:41 So far, it has been successful.
267/419 n 09-03 21:00:44-09-03 21:00:58 And mathematics is about questioning,
268/419 09-03 20:59:40-09-03 20:59:54 Why must it be true?
269/419 bg 09-03 20:59:43-09-03 20:59:54 These are two completely different kinds of knowledge.
270/419 n 09-03 20:59:44-09-03 20:59:54 Suppose a doctor discovers that a drug has cured one million...
271/419 xss 09-03 20:59:45-09-03 20:59:54 We will believe that this medicine is probably effective.
272/419 09-03 20:59:51-09-03 21:00:09 However, scientists will continue to search for the mechanis...
273/419 hp 09-03 20:59:48-09-03 20:59:54 Because only knowing why it works,
274/419 aaa 09-03 20:59:54-09-03 21:00:09 Predict when it will fail.
275/419 bg 09-03 20:59:55-09-03 21:00:09 When can it be applied to new diseases?
276/419 09-03 20:59:59-09-03 21:00:10 Mathematics is also like that.
277/419 hp 09-03 21:00:02-09-03 21:00:10 One experiment succeeded.
278/419 de 09-03 21:00:05-09-03 21:00:10 One thousand experiments succeeded,
279/419 xss 09-03 21:00:06-09-03 21:00:24 Even a billion successful experiments cannot replace proof.
280/419 09-03 21:00:07-09-03 21:00:27 Because experiments are always retrospective,
281/419 09-03 21:01:17-09-03 21:01:27 According to the future philosopher Karl Popper,
282/419 bg 09-03 21:00:12-09-03 21:00:25 Scientific theories can never be proven, only validated.
283/419 09-03 21:00:16-09-03 21:00:27 And finally, it was established.
284/419 aaa 09-03 21:00:13-09-03 21:00:27 They can only be temporarily not overthrown.
285/419 de 09-03 21:00:21-09-03 21:00:27 Seeing a thousand white swans doesn't prove that black swans...
286/419 n 09-03 21:00:17-09-03 21:00:27 Mathematics takes a different path.
287/419 09-03 21:00:18-09-03 21:00:27 He tried to establish a deductive chain.
288/419 hp 09-03 21:00:22-09-03 21:00:27 Derive the conclusion step by step from axioms.
289/419 xss 09-03 21:00:28-09-03 21:00:42 As long as the conditions are met,
290/419 bg 09-03 21:00:29-09-03 21:00:42 Whether it's the millionth or the million and first,
291/419 n 09-03 21:00:31-09-03 21:00:42 Once,
292/419 09-03 21:00:32-09-03 21:00:42 The conclusions will not change.
293/419 aaa 09-03 21:00:36-09-03 21:00:42 Euclid established geometry over two thousand years ago, and
294/419 09-03 21:00:33-09-03 21:00:42 Newton established classical mechanics.
295/419 hp 09-03 21:00:39-09-03 21:00:42 Hilbert posed the sixth problem in a similar way.
296/419 09-03 21:00:42-09-03 21:00:59 What they are looking for is not more examples,
297/419 09-03 21:04:36-09-03 21:04:50 Instead, it is becoming a more solid foundation.
298/419 de 09-03 21:00:40-09-03 21:00:42 Therefore,
299/419 09-03 21:00:50-09-03 21:00:59 What Deng Yu accomplished was not just a proof,
300/419 bg 09-03 21:00:43-09-03 21:00:56 He completed an explanation.
301/419 09-03 21:00:47-09-03 21:00:59 From now on,
302/419 aaa 09-03 21:00:51-09-03 21:00:59 People know why the Boltzmann equation is valid,
303/419 hp 09-03 21:00:52-09-03 21:00:59 Not just knowing that he has always been in this position.
304/419 de 09-03 21:00:54-09-03 21:00:59 Subtle,
305/419 09-03 21:03:19-09-03 21:03:27 However, it marked the most important dividing line between ...
306/419 bg 09-03 21:01:01-09-03 21:01:13 From particles to civilization,
307/419 n 09-03 21:01:02-09-03 21:01:13 If we magnify the situation further,
308/419 09-03 21:01:04-09-03 21:01:13 You will find that the problems solved by Deng Yu have alrea...
309/419 09-03 21:01:05-09-03 21:01:13 It belongs to one of the most active areas in science today.
310/419 aaa 09-03 21:01:06-09-03 21:01:13 Complexity science,
311/419 de 09-03 21:01:09-09-03 21:01:13 complexity,
312/419 n 09-03 21:01:16-09-03 21:01:27 Science
313/419 hp 09-03 21:01:12-09-03 21:01:13 1972,
314/419 09-03 21:01:13-09-03 21:01:27 Nobel laureate,
315/419 09-03 21:01:20-09-03 21:01:27 A condensed matter physicist, Philip Anderson, published a p...
316/419 aaa 09-03 21:01:22-09-03 21:01:27 The title consists of only three words.
317/419 bg 09-03 21:01:14-09-03 21:01:27 more is different,
318/419 hp 09-03 21:01:24-09-03 21:01:27 More is different.
319/419 de 09-03 21:01:25-09-03 21:01:40 This article later became a cornerstone of complex systems s...
320/419 09-03 21:02:34-09-03 21:02:42 Anderson posed a seemingly simple but transformative questio...
321/419 xss 09-03 21:01:27-09-03 21:01:43 As the number of components increases,
322/419 bg 09-03 21:01:28-09-03 21:01:43 A new pattern will emerge overall.
323/419 n 09-03 21:01:30-09-03 21:01:43 However, these patterns cannot be obtained by simply observi...
324/419 09-03 21:02:46-09-03 21:02:55 Thinking and ten billion neurons cannot produce consciousnes...
325/419 09-03 21:01:33-09-03 21:01:43 A person cannot form a market where millions of investors tr...
326/419 09-03 21:01:35-09-03 21:01:43 Form a financial system.
327/419 hp 09-03 21:01:37-09-03 21:01:43 An ant has no urban planning.
328/419 aaa 09-03 21:01:36-09-03 21:01:43 Millions,
329/419 09-03 21:01:39-09-03 21:01:57 Ants can build complex nests.
330/419 de 09-03 21:01:45-09-03 21:01:57 This is what scientists call emergence today.
331/419 bg 09-03 21:01:46-09-03 21:01:57 emergence,
332/419 n 09-03 21:01:47-09-03 21:01:57 Has its own rules.
333/419 09-03 21:01:49-09-03 21:01:57 Today from artificial intelligence,
334/419 09-03 21:01:50-09-03 21:01:57 Large language models to the internet dissemination system f...
335/419 hp 09-03 21:01:53-09-03 21:01:57 To the city's transportation and social networks,
336/419 aaa 09-03 21:01:55-09-03 21:01:57 Almost all complex systems revolve around the same problem,
337/419 xss 09-03 21:01:57-09-03 21:02:10 Local interactions are constantly occurring,
338/419 bg 09-03 21:01:58-09-03 21:02:10 Why is the overall situation still stable?
339/419 09-03 21:02:01-09-03 21:02:10 Statistical physics is just a problem of this.
340/419 09-03 21:02:03-09-03 21:02:10 The most classic and mature starting point,
341/419 aaa 09-03 21:02:06-09-03 21:02:10 Deng Yu solved the most basic piece of the puzzle.
342/419 de 09-03 21:02:08-09-03 21:02:10 He proved,
343/419 09-03 21:03:03-09-03 21:03:14 In a world full of random collisions,
344/419 09-03 21:02:09-09-03 21:02:25 The overall order is not a coincidence.
345/419 bg 09-03 21:02:12-09-03 21:02:27 It can be derived step by step from the most basic movements...
346/419 hp 09-03 21:02:10-09-03 21:02:24 Why is this?
347/419 09-03 21:02:17-09-03 21:02:27 The Fields Medal Committee specifically emphasized in the aw...
348/419 n 09-03 21:02:14-09-03 21:02:27 He not only solved an important part of Hilbert's Sixth Prob...
349/419 aaa 09-03 21:02:20-09-03 21:02:27 More importantly, he established a new method for analyzing ...
350/419 xss 09-03 21:02:22-09-03 21:02:42 This method is likely to continue entering the field of grou...
351/419 09-03 21:02:18-09-03 21:02:27 Plasma Physics Quantum,
352/419 bg 09-03 21:02:30-09-03 21:02:42 The foundation of multi-body systems and other complex, larg...
353/419 de 09-03 21:02:21-09-03 21:02:27 The development of mathematics is often surprisingly slow.
354/419 hp 09-03 21:04:34-09-03 21:04:36 Euclid established geometry,
355/419 09-03 21:02:32-09-03 21:02:42 I don't know if he will become a language of modern engineer...
356/419 hp 09-03 21:02:29-09-03 21:02:42 When Niemann studied curved space,
357/419 aaa 09-03 21:02:35-09-03 21:02:42 I never thought that half a century later,
358/419 n 09-03 21:02:37-09-03 21:02:42 Einstein built his theory of general relativity.
359/419 de 09-03 21:02:40-09-03 21:02:42 Today,
360/419 09-03 21:02:42-09-03 21:02:55 We also cannot accurately predict,
361/419 n 09-03 21:02:45-09-03 21:02:55 In which fields will Deng Yu's mathematical tools be applied...
362/419 bg 09-03 21:02:43-09-03 21:02:55 Why do we crave order so much?
363/419 bg 09-03 21:03:53-09-03 21:04:04 If it is said that Deng Yu proved a mathematical theorem,
364/419 09-03 21:02:48-09-03 21:02:55 What he responded to was an anxiety that is older than mathe...
365/419 aaa 09-03 21:02:51-09-03 21:02:55 Humans have always lived in uncertainty, gazing up at the st...
366/419 de 09-03 21:02:54-09-03 21:02:55 I want to know when the flood will come.
367/419 xss 09-03 21:02:55-09-03 21:03:12 Farmer observes the clouds,
368/419 aaa 09-03 21:03:46-09-03 21:03:50 Guess whether it will rain tomorrow.
369/419 bg 09-03 21:02:57-09-03 21:03:13 Navigators rely on stars to determine direction.
370/419 aaa 09-03 21:02:59-09-03 21:03:14 Today we open our phones,
371/419 hp 09-03 21:03:02-09-03 21:03:14 Check the weather forecast,
372/419 09-03 21:03:05-09-03 21:03:14 Navigation,
373/419 n 09-03 21:03:07-09-03 21:03:14 Software,
374/419 de 09-03 21:03:09-09-03 21:03:14 Stock market trends,
375/419 09-03 21:03:10-09-03 21:03:27 Artificial intelligence,
376/419 09-03 21:03:54-09-03 21:04:04 Start predicting protein structures,
377/419 xss 09-03 21:03:16-09-03 21:03:37 The technology for assessing earthquake risk and modeling di...
378/419 09-03 21:03:20-09-03 21:03:27 Humans have always been doing the same thing.
379/419 bg 09-03 21:03:17-09-03 21:03:27 Strive to make the future understandable.
380/419 aaa 09-03 21:03:21-09-03 21:03:27 Scientific development has not eliminated randomness.
381/419 n 09-03 21:03:23-09-03 21:03:27 It's just continuous research.
382/419 hp 09-03 21:03:25-09-03 21:03:27 Which random can be ignored, which female is trustworthy.
383/419 de 09-03 21:03:27-09-03 21:03:39 No one can predict whether the next coin flip will be heads ...
384/419 de 09-03 21:04:24-09-03 21:04:36 After throwing it a thousand times,
385/419 aaa 09-03 21:03:32-09-03 21:03:39 You are able to predict the ratio of positive and negative r...
386/419 bg 09-03 21:03:28-09-03 21:03:39 No one can predict where a molecule in the air will fly to n...
387/419 aaa 09-03 21:04:35-09-03 21:04:36 Everyone expects the weather to change without warning.
388/419 09-03 21:03:29-09-03 21:03:39 Become a hundred times better today.
389/419 09-03 21:03:33-09-03 21:03:39 Civilization cannot function without completely eliminating ...
390/419 hp 09-03 21:03:35-09-03 21:03:39 And in the process, they found those structures that were st...
391/419 n 09-03 21:03:36-09-03 21:03:40 Society is also like that.
392/419 xss 09-03 21:03:40-09-03 21:03:50 No one can predict when a revolution will break out.
393/419 09-03 21:03:42-09-03 21:03:50 No one can predict where the next great company will emerge.
394/419 bg 09-03 21:03:43-09-03 21:03:50 But population migration and economic cycles,
395/419 09-03 21:03:39-09-03 21:03:50 Technology diffusion,
396/419 09-03 21:03:44-09-03 21:03:50 Urban growth is still evident.
397/419 hp 09-03 21:03:47-09-03 21:03:50 Long-term, we can study and explain the rules.
398/419 de 09-03 21:03:48-09-03 21:03:51 History,
399/419 n 09-03 21:03:50-09-03 21:03:58 Economics,
400/419 09-03 21:03:55-09-03 21:04:05 Sociology and the emerging field of complex systems science ...
401/419 aaa 09-03 21:03:57-09-03 21:04:05 But countless individuals with free will came together,
402/419 xss 09-03 21:04:00-09-03 21:04:15 Why does the whole emerge as a new order that transcends ind...
403/419 hp 09-03 21:04:02-09-03 21:04:05 This is also why Deng Yu's proof extends beyond just air,
404/419 xss 09-03 21:04:26-09-03 21:04:36 He proved a modern science.
405/419 09-03 21:04:21-09-03 21:04:26 Unwavering belief.
406/419 09-03 21:04:01-09-03 21:04:05 Complex,
407/419 aaa 09-03 21:04:23-09-03 21:04:26 It doesn't mean chaos.
408/419 n 09-03 21:04:05-09-03 21:04:15 Randomness doesn't necessarily mean disorder.
409/419 de 09-03 21:04:04-09-03 21:04:15 Perhaps all important human knowledge is built upon this bel...
410/419 bg 09-03 21:04:07-09-03 21:04:15 We believe that the sun will rise tomorrow,
411/419 09-03 21:04:08-09-03 21:04:15 I don't believe bridges will suddenly collapse.
412/419 09-03 21:04:09-09-03 21:04:15 I believe that airplanes can fly across oceans.
413/419 hp 09-03 21:04:12-09-03 21:04:15 I also believe that a newborn baby,
414/419 aaa 09-03 21:04:13-09-03 21:04:15 By studying and understanding the ancient laws left by Liu D...
415/419 09-03 21:04:15-09-03 21:04:26 and today, Deng Yu completed the proof.
416/419 n 09-03 21:04:16-09-03 21:04:26 Civilization has not overcome uncertainty.
417/419 09-03 21:04:19-09-03 21:04:26 He is constantly expanding the order.
418/419 bg 09-03 21:04:17-09-03 21:04:26 The boundary that can be illuminated,
419/419 hp 09-03 21:04:20-09-03 21:04:26 And mathematics has always been at the forefront of this lig...