1/288 0.15-0.87 <font color=red>n</font> 各位同学大家好，08-28 21:19:32-08-28 21:19:33<font color=blue>Hello everyone,</font><br>2/288 0.99-1.77 <font color=red>aaa</font> 我是李永德老师。08-28 21:19:33-08-28 21:19:34<font color=blue>I am Li Yongde.</font><br>3/288 2.009-4.89 <font color=red>n</font> 今天由我继续为大家导读爱因斯坦的一本小册子，08-28 21:19:34-08-28 21:19:37<font color=blue>Today, I will continue to guide you through Einstein's little booklet.</font><br>4/288 5.19-6.87 <font color=red>hp</font> 侠义与广义相对论浅说。08-28 21:19:34-08-28 21:19:38<font color=blue>A Simple Explanation of Righteousness and General Relativity.</font><br>5/288 7.59-8.31 <font color=red>n</font> 在上一回啊，08-28 21:19:35-08-28 21:19:37<font color=blue>In the previous episode,</font><br>6/288 8.43-9.81 <font color=red>aaa</font> 我们介绍了爱因斯坦的生平。08-28 21:19:36-08-28 21:19:37<font color=blue>We introduced Einstein's life.</font><br>7/288 10.17-14.79 <font color=red>n</font> 那这一回我们就来讲一讲爱因斯坦究竟是如何思考狭义相对论的。08-28 21:19:38-08-28 21:19:42<font color=blue>This time, we're going to talk about how Einstein thought through special relativity.</font><br>8/288 14.97-16.41 <font color=red>n</font> 在这本小册子的开篇呢，08-28 21:19:38-08-28 21:19:40<font color=blue>In the introduction of this pamphlet,</font><br>9/288 16.53-21.57 <font color=red>aaa</font> 爱因斯坦谈到了欧基里德几何学公元前三百年古希腊数学家，08-28 21:19:39-08-28 21:19:44<font color=blue>Einstein mentioned Euclid, the ancient Greek mathematician who lived in the 3rd century BC.</font><br>10/288 21.69-24.27 <font color=red>hp</font> 欧基里德写成了一本著作几何原本。08-28 21:19:40-08-28 21:19:43<font color=blue>Euclid wrote a book of geometry.</font><br>11/288 24.87-25.71 <font color=red>n</font> 在这本书里啊，08-28 21:19:41-08-28 21:19:42<font color=blue>In this book,</font><br>12/288 25.83-28.53 <font color=red>n</font> 欧基里德抽象出了点线面的概念，08-28 21:19:42-08-28 21:19:45<font color=blue>Euclid abstracted the concepts of points, lines, and surfaces.</font><br>13/288 28.83-30.22 <font color=red>n</font> 并且提出了五个公设。08-28 21:19:43-08-28 21:19:45<font color=blue>And five postulates were proposed.</font><br>14/288 30.76-31.66 <font color=red>hp</font> 所谓公设呢，08-28 21:19:44-08-28 21:19:46<font color=blue>What are axioms?</font><br>15/288 31.78-37.78 <font color=red>aaa</font> 就是用来当做前提的假设欧吉里德的五个公设是一任意两点，08-28 21:19:45-08-28 21:19:51<font color=blue>These are the five axioms that Euclid used as a starting point: any two points,</font><br>16/288 38.02-38.8 <font color=red>n</font> 确定一条直线。08-28 21:19:45-08-28 21:19:46<font color=blue>Determine a straight line.</font><br>17/288 39.46-39.52 <font color=red>n</font> 二、08-28 21:19:46-08-28 21:19:47<font color=blue>II.</font><br>18/288 40.18-42.46 <font color=red>hp</font> 任意线段能够延长成一条直线。08-28 21:19:47-08-28 21:19:50<font color=blue>Any line segment can be extended into a straight line.</font><br>19/288 42.94-43.0 <font color=red>bg</font> 三、08-28 21:19:47-08-28 21:20:02<font color=blue>Third,</font><br>20/288 43.54-44.62 <font color=red>n</font> 以一点为圆心，08-28 21:19:48-08-28 21:19:50<font color=blue>With a point as the center,</font><br>21/288 44.92-46.72 <font color=red>n</font> 一个线段为半径可以做一个圆。08-28 21:19:49-08-28 21:19:51<font color=blue>A line segment can form a circle with a radius.</font><br>22/288 47.32-47.38 <font color=red>n</font> 四、08-28 21:19:50-08-28 21:19:51<font color=blue>Fourth,</font><br>23/288 47.98-49.06 <font color=red>hp</font> 所有直角都相等，08-28 21:19:51-08-28 21:19:53<font color=blue>All right angles are equal.</font><br>24/288 49.6-51.46 <font color=red>n</font> 五过直线外一点有，08-28 21:19:52-08-28 21:19:54<font color=blue>A little bit outside the straight line,</font><br>25/288 51.64-53.74 <font color=red>n</font> 且只有一条直线和已知直线平行。08-28 21:19:52-08-28 21:19:55<font color=blue>And there is only one line that is parallel to the known straight line.</font><br>26/288 54.4-55.6 <font color=red>aaa</font> 从这五个公设出发，08-28 21:19:53-08-28 21:19:56<font color=blue>Based on these five assumptions,</font><br>27/288 55.78-57.22 <font color=red>hp</font> 经过严密的逻辑推理，08-28 21:19:54-08-28 21:19:56<font color=blue>Through rigorous logical reasoning,</font><br>28/288 57.4-59.56 <font color=red>n</font> 欧吉里德就得到了许许多多的结论，08-28 21:19:55-08-28 21:19:57<font color=blue>Euripides has reached many conclusions,</font><br>29/288 59.97-61.8 <font color=red>n</font> 而这些结论就叫做定理。08-28 21:19:56-08-28 21:19:57<font color=blue>These conclusions are called theorems.</font><br>30/288 62.3-63.26 <font color=red>de</font> 以公社为基础，08-28 21:19:57-08-28 21:20:19<font color=blue>Based on the collective,</font><br>31/288 63.44-64.4 <font color=red>aaa</font> 以定理为框架，08-28 21:19:57-08-28 21:19:59<font color=blue>Based on the theorem,</font><br>32/288 64.58-65.12 <font color=red>lx</font> 欧吉里德，08-28 21:19:58-08-28 21:20:16<font color=blue>Eurydice,</font><br>33/288 65.3-66.92 <font color=red>hp</font> 构建了一座几何学大厦。08-28 21:19:59-08-28 21:20:01<font color=blue>Built a geometric structure.</font><br>34/288 67.22-68.48 <font color=red>n</font> 这就是欧式几何，08-28 21:19:59-08-28 21:20:01<font color=blue>This is Euclidean geometry.</font><br>35/288 68.91-70.41 <font color=red>n</font> 欧吉利德几何是真的吗？08-28 21:20:00-08-28 21:20:01<font color=blue>Are Euclidean geometry really true?</font><br>36/288 70.77-71.43 <font color=red>aaa</font> 爱因斯坦说，08-28 21:20:01-08-28 21:20:02<font color=blue>Einstein said,</font><br>37/288 71.61-72.69 <font color=red>n</font> 这个问题毫无意义，08-28 21:20:01-08-28 21:20:03<font color=blue>This question is meaningless.</font><br>38/288 73.12-74.98 <font color=red>n</font> 因为这五个公社你不能证明，08-28 21:20:02-08-28 21:20:04<font color=blue>Because these five communes cannot be proven.</font><br>39/288 75.22-75.88 <font color=red>hp</font> 也不能证伪。08-28 21:20:03-08-28 21:20:05<font color=blue>Cannot be refuted.</font><br>40/288 76.3-77.38 <font color=red>n</font> 根据这五个假设，08-28 21:25:04-08-28 21:25:05<font color=blue>Based on these five assumptions,</font><br>41/288 77.62-79.06 <font color=red>aaa</font> 你才能得到后面的结论。08-28 21:20:04-08-28 21:20:08<font color=blue>You can only reach the conclusion after that.</font><br>42/288 79.62-81.479 <font color=red>bg</font> 但是呢你不能丢弃这些假设，08-28 21:20:05-08-28 21:20:40<font color=blue>However, you cannot discard these assumptions.</font><br>43/288 81.84-83.76 <font color=red>n</font> 否则呀几何学就会变得没有根基。08-28 21:20:05-08-28 21:20:07<font color=blue>Otherwise, geometry will become meaningless.</font><br>44/288 84.25-85.51 <font color=red>n</font> 可是在不同的时候啊，08-28 21:20:06-08-28 21:20:07<font color=blue>At different times,</font><br>45/288 85.69-87.55 <font color=red>hp</font> 我们的确需要使用不同的集合。08-28 21:20:07-08-28 21:20:10<font color=blue>We definitely need to use different sets.</font><br>46/288 88.08-91.92 <font color=red>n</font> 比如说欧式几何告诉我们三角形的内角和是一百八十度，08-28 21:20:08-08-28 21:20:13<font color=blue>For example, Euclidean geometry tells us that the sum of the angles in a triangle is 180 degrees.</font><br>47/288 92.32-93.88 <font color=red>n</font> 在平面上的确是这样。08-28 21:20:08-08-28 21:20:11<font color=blue>That's the case on paper.</font><br>48/288 94.19-97.73 <font color=red>aaa</font> 但是如果我们在一个双曲面上画一个三角形的话，08-28 21:20:09-08-28 21:20:11<font color=blue>However, if we draw a triangle on a hyperbolic surface,</font><br>49/288 97.97-100.25 <font color=red>hp</font> 它的内角和就会小于一百八十度。08-28 21:20:10-08-28 21:20:14<font color=blue>Its interior angles will be less than 180 degrees.</font><br>50/288 100.64-103.16 <font color=red>n</font> 如果你在一个球面上画一个三角形呢，08-28 21:20:11-08-28 21:20:13<font color=blue>If you draw a triangle on a sphere,</font><br>51/288 103.46-105.38 <font color=red>aaa</font> 内角和又会大于一百八十度。08-28 21:20:12-08-28 21:20:14<font color=blue>The angles are also greater than 180 degrees.</font><br>52/288 105.79-108.85 <font color=red>n</font> 这个时候我们就必须放弃欧式几何的假设，08-28 21:20:14-08-28 21:20:17<font color=blue>At this point, we must abandon the assumptions of Euclidean geometry.</font><br>53/288 109.09-111.61 <font color=red>n</font> 而采用罗氏几何或者黎曼几何。08-28 21:20:14-08-28 21:20:17<font color=blue>And adopt the geometry of Roche or Riemannian geometry.</font><br>54/288 112.38-114.24 <font color=red>hp</font> 无论是罗式几何还是黎曼几何，08-28 21:20:15-08-28 21:20:18<font color=blue>Whether it's Euclidean geometry or Riemannian geometry,</font><br>55/288 114.48-116.58 <font color=red>aaa</font> 当我们画的三角形非常小的时候，08-28 21:20:16-08-28 21:20:17<font color=blue>When the triangle we draw is very small,</font><br>56/288 116.76-118.5 <font color=red>lx</font> 又会退化成欧式几何。08-28 21:20:17-08-28 21:20:40<font color=blue>It will eventually degenerate into Euclidean geometry.</font><br>57/288 119.42-120.98 <font color=red>n</font> 爱因斯坦之所以这样开篇，08-28 21:20:18-08-28 21:20:20<font color=blue>Einstein's opening like this,</font><br>58/288 121.22-125.48 <font color=red>n</font> 是因为他提出的狭义和广义相对论与牛顿定律一样，08-28 21:20:18-08-28 21:20:22<font color=blue>Because his proposed theories of special and general relativity are similar to Newton's laws,</font><br>59/288 125.72-127.94 <font color=red>aaa</font> 都是建立在假设的基础之上的。08-28 21:20:19-08-28 21:20:20<font color=blue>All are based on assumptions.</font><br>60/288 128.3-131.94 <font color=red>hp</font> 只是啊他的思考比牛顿更加深入更加普遍，08-28 21:20:20-08-28 21:20:24<font color=blue>Just, his thinking was more profound and universal than Newton's.</font><br>61/288 132.46-134.14 <font color=red>de</font> 而在速度远远小于光速，08-28 21:20:20-08-28 21:21:09<font color=blue>And when the speed is far less than the speed of light,</font><br>62/288 134.44-136.36 <font color=red>n</font> 或者物体质量不太大的时候呢，08-28 21:20:21-08-28 21:20:23<font color=blue>Or when the object is not very heavy?</font><br>63/288 136.66-138.76 <font color=red>aaa</font> 规律又会退化成牛顿定律。08-28 21:20:22-08-28 21:20:23<font color=blue>The pattern will revert to Newton's laws.</font><br>64/288 139.51-144.67 <font color=red>n</font> 那么我们就首先从物理学上的欧式几何牛顿时空观说起吧。08-28 21:20:22-08-28 21:20:26<font color=blue>Okay, let's start with the Euclidean geometry of spacetime from Einstein.</font><br>65/288 145.67-146.81 <font color=red>n</font> 在一六八七年，08-28 21:20:24-08-28 21:20:26<font color=blue>In 1687,</font><br>66/288 146.99-149.75 <font color=red>aaa</font> 牛顿写成了名著自然哲学的数学原理。08-28 21:20:24-08-28 21:20:28<font color=blue>Newton wrote the book "Principia Mathematica," which is considered a classic in the field of natural philosophy.</font><br>67/288 150.12-151.74 <font color=red>hp</font> 他说呀绝对的空间。08-28 21:20:25-08-28 21:20:28<font color=blue>He said, "absolute space."</font><br>68/288 152.04-152.94 <font color=red>n</font> 就其本质而言，08-28 21:20:26-08-28 21:20:27<font color=blue>In essence,</font><br>69/288 153.18-155.16 <font color=red>n</font> 是与任何外界事物无关的，08-28 21:20:27-08-28 21:20:28<font color=blue>is independent of any external factor,</font><br>70/288 155.56-156.34 <font color=red>de</font> 他从不运动，08-28 21:20:28-08-28 21:20:51<font color=blue>He never exercises.</font><br>71/288 156.58-157.54 <font color=red>n</font> 而且永远不变，08-28 21:20:28-08-28 21:20:29<font color=blue>And it will never change,</font><br>72/288 158.14-160.0 <font color=red>hp</font> 绝对的真实的数学时间。08-28 21:20:30-08-28 21:20:32<font color=blue>Absolute real time mathematics.</font><br>73/288 160.3-161.26 <font color=red>n</font> 就其本质而言，08-28 21:20:30-08-28 21:20:31<font color=blue>In essence,</font><br>74/288 161.44-163.06 <font color=red>n</font> 是自行均匀流逝的。08-28 21:20:31-08-28 21:20:32<font color=blue>It is uniformly flowing.</font><br>75/288 163.42-164.92 <font color=red>aaa</font> 与任何外界事物无关。08-28 21:20:32-08-28 21:20:33<font color=blue>Independent of any external factors.</font><br>76/288 165.86-167.659 <font color=red>n</font> 牛顿在写出这句话的时候，08-28 21:20:32-08-28 21:20:34<font color=blue>When Newton wrote this sentence,</font><br>77/288 167.84-170.42 <font color=red>n</font> 也许并没有觉得自己发现了什么新的东西。08-28 21:20:33-08-28 21:20:35<font color=blue>Maybe you don't feel like you have discovered anything new.</font><br>78/288 170.84-172.58 <font color=red>hp</font> 因为这就是千百年来，08-28 21:20:34-08-28 21:20:38<font color=blue>Because this is what has been happening for thousands of years,</font><br>79/288 172.7-175.37 <font color=red>aaa</font> 人们头脑中的世界绝对的是空观。08-28 21:20:34-08-28 21:20:36<font color=blue>The world in people's minds is absolutely empty.</font><br>80/288 175.96-180.22 <font color=red>xss</font> 牛顿啊只不过是把这个观念用更加准确的语言表述出来了。08-28 21:20:35-08-28 21:21:26<font color=blue>Newton, on the other hand, simply expressed this idea in more accurate language.</font><br>81/288 180.82-182.38 <font color=red>n</font> 在牛顿之后的一百多年里，08-28 21:20:36-08-28 21:20:37<font color=blue>In the hundred years after Newton,</font><br>82/288 182.619-185.32 <font color=red>n</font> 绝大多数的人们都认为这是显而易见的。08-28 21:25:37-08-28 21:25:38<font color=blue>Most people think this is obvious.</font><br>83/288 185.9-186.38 <font color=red>n</font> 换句话说，08-28 21:20:37-08-28 21:20:38<font color=blue>In other words,</font><br>84/288 186.74-188.72 <font color=red>aaa</font> 绝对时空观就是一种假设，08-28 21:20:38-08-28 21:20:39<font color=blue>Absolute spacetime is a hypothetical concept.</font><br>85/288 189.4-191.08 <font color=red>n</font> 我们能找到绝对时空吗？08-28 21:20:38-08-28 21:20:40<font color=blue>Can we find absolute space and time?</font><br>86/288 191.57-193.01 <font color=red>hp</font> 大家设想这样一种情景，08-28 21:20:39-08-28 21:20:41<font color=blue>Imagine a scenario where...</font><br>87/288 193.44-194.58 <font color=red>n</font> 在空旷的宇宙中，08-28 21:20:40-08-28 21:20:41<font color=blue>In the vast expanse of space,</font><br>88/288 194.76-196.86 <font color=red>aaa</font> 我们驾驶一艘飞船漂泊着，08-28 21:20:40-08-28 21:20:42<font color=blue>We are piloting a spaceship, drifting through the cosmos.</font><br>89/288 197.68-200.26 <font color=red>bg</font> 我们能确定此时飞船的速度有多大吗？08-28 21:20:41-08-28 21:21:32<font color=blue>Can we determine how fast the spaceship is moving at this moment?</font><br>90/288 200.62-201.04 <font color=red>n</font> 很遗憾，08-28 21:20:42-08-28 21:20:42<font color=blue>Unfortunately,</font><br>91/288 201.38-203.12 <font color=red>lx</font> 如果周围没有任何参照物的话，08-28 21:20:43-08-28 21:21:11<font color=blue>If there are no reference objects around,</font><br>92/288 203.3-204.5 <font color=red>n</font> 我们是做不到这一点的。08-28 21:20:43-08-28 21:20:45<font color=blue>We can't do that.</font><br>93/288 204.97-206.829 <font color=red>hp</font> 假如有一艘非常平稳的船，08-28 21:20:44-08-28 21:20:47<font color=blue>Suppose there is a very stable ship,</font><br>94/288 207.25-208.09 <font color=red>aaa</font> 在船舱之中，08-28 21:20:45-08-28 21:20:46<font color=blue>In the cabin,</font><br>95/288 208.27-209.05 <font color=red>n</font> 如果不向外看，08-28 21:20:46-08-28 21:20:48<font color=blue>If you don't look outside,</font><br>96/288 209.52-211.77 <font color=red>n</font> 那么通过船舱里的任何力学实验，08-28 21:20:47-08-28 21:20:49<font color=blue>Through any mechanical experiment in the cabin,</font><br>97/288 212.01-215.49 <font color=red>aaa</font> 我们都没有办法测量出船相对于河岸的速度。08-28 21:20:47-08-28 21:20:50<font color=blue>We couldn't measure the speed of the boat relative to the shore.</font><br>98/288 216.09-219.03 <font color=red>hp</font> 这是因为啊牛顿定律是斜变的。08-28 21:20:48-08-28 21:20:52<font color=blue>This is because Newton's laws are variational.</font><br>99/288 219.49-219.97 <font color=red>n</font> 也就是说，08-28 21:20:49-08-28 21:20:50<font color=blue>That is to say,</font><br>100/288 220.21-221.89 <font color=red>n</font> 在任何惯性参考系中，08-28 21:20:50-08-28 21:20:51<font color=blue>In any inertial reference frame,</font><br>101/288 222.19-224.47 <font color=red>aaa</font> 牛顿定律的形式都完全相同，08-28 21:20:50-08-28 21:20:52<font color=blue>The forms of Newton's laws are all the same.</font><br>102/288 224.84-226.849 <font color=red>n</font> 这叫做伽利略相对性原理。08-28 21:20:51-08-28 21:20:53<font color=blue>This is called Galileo's principle of relativity.</font><br>103/288 227.09-231.89 <font color=red>de</font> 最早呢是伽利略在他的著作关于两种世界体系的对话中谈到的。08-28 21:20:52-08-28 21:21:43<font color=blue>The earliest mention of this can be found in Galileo's Dialogue Concerning Two Chief World Systems.</font><br>104/288 232.47-233.67 <font color=red>n</font> 牛顿定律告诉我们，08-28 21:20:53-08-28 21:20:54<font color=blue>Newton's laws tell us that,</font><br>105/288 233.85-236.61 <font color=red>hp</font> 不受力的物体总保持静止或匀速直线运动，08-28 21:20:53-08-28 21:21:00<font color=blue>Objects at rest tend to stay at rest, and objects in motion tend to stay in motion with the same speed and direction.</font><br>106/288 236.96-238.34 <font color=red>aaa</font> 但是他却不能告诉我们，08-28 21:20:54-08-28 21:20:55<font color=blue>But he couldn't tell us,</font><br>107/288 238.58-241.22 <font color=red>n</font> 运动的速度究竟有多大不过呀。08-28 21:20:55-08-28 21:20:58<font color=blue>How fast is the movement? It's not that important.</font><br>108/288 241.52-243.14 <font color=red>n</font> 无论能否找到牛顿，08-28 21:20:55-08-28 21:20:58<font color=blue>Whether or not we can find Newton,</font><br>109/288 243.32-245.58 <font color=red>aaa</font> 都假设绝对时空是存在的。08-28 21:20:56-08-28 21:20:57<font color=blue>Assuming that absolute spacetime exists.</font><br>110/288 246.05-253.25 <font color=red>aaa</font> 而且如果一艘飞船相对于绝对空间的速度是 v 我们在飞船上相对于飞船以速度优运动，08-28 21:20:58-08-28 21:21:10<font color=blue>And if a spaceship has a relative velocity of v with respect to absolute space, then we are moving at an enhanced speed u with respect to the ship.</font><br>111/288 253.6-261.47 <font color=red>n</font> 那么我们相对于绝对时空速度就一定是 v 加 u 这种简单的速度加减关系叫做伽利略变换。08-28 21:20:59-08-28 21:21:04<font color=blue>Then, the simple relationship of speed addition and subtraction relative to absolute space-time velocity is called Galilean transformation.</font><br>112/288 262.08-263.64 <font color=red>hp</font> 在牛顿和伽利略看来，08-28 21:21:01-08-28 21:21:04<font color=blue>In the eyes of Newton and Galileo,</font><br>113/288 263.76-264.9 <font color=red>n</font> 这是显而易见的。08-28 21:21:02-08-28 21:21:03<font color=blue>This is obvious.</font><br>114/288 265.14-267.12 <font color=red>n</font> 他们确信绝对空间的存在，08-28 21:21:04-08-28 21:21:06<font color=blue>They were convinced of the existence of absolute space.</font><br>115/288 267.36-268.86 <font color=red>hp</font> 却不一定非要找到他。08-28 21:21:05-08-28 21:21:08<font color=blue>But you don't necessarily have to find him.</font><br>116/288 269.23-272.17 <font color=red>n</font> 绝对空间就好像神话中的造物主一般，08-28 21:21:05-08-28 21:21:08<font color=blue>Absolute space is like a mythical creator,</font><br>117/288 273.07-275.89 <font color=red>n</font> 可是在麦克斯韦发现电磁学方程组，08-28 21:21:06-08-28 21:21:08<font color=blue>Maxwell discovered the equations of electromagnetism.</font><br>118/288 276.07-278.05 <font color=red>n</font> 并且提出光是一种电磁波之后，08-28 21:21:08-08-28 21:21:12<font color=blue>And after it was proposed that light is just an electromagnetic wave,</font><br>119/288 278.41-281.53 <font color=red>n</font> 这个寻找绝对空间的问题变得十分紧迫。08-28 21:21:09-08-28 21:21:12<font color=blue>The problem of finding absolute space has become very urgent.</font><br>120/288 281.96-283.64 <font color=red>hp</font> 麦克斯韦提出了一组方程组，08-28 21:21:10-08-28 21:21:12<font color=blue>Maxwell proposed a set of equations,</font><br>121/288 283.97-284.6 <font color=red>de</font> 他告诉我们，08-28 21:21:10-08-28 21:21:27<font color=blue>He told us,</font><br>122/288 284.9-286.88 <font color=red>aaa</font> 变化的电场可以产生磁场，08-28 21:21:11-08-28 21:21:15<font color=blue>A changing electric field can produce a magnetic field,</font><br>123/288 287.29-289.15 <font color=red>lx</font> 变化的磁场可以产生电场，08-28 21:21:12-08-28 21:21:25<font color=blue>Changing magnetic fields can generate electric fields,</font><br>124/288 289.62-291.42 <font color=red>n</font> 如果电场和磁场相互激发，08-28 21:21:12-08-28 21:21:14<font color=blue>If electric and magnetic fields are mutually excited,</font><br>125/288 291.6-292.86 <font color=red>n</font> 就会形成一种波动，08-28 21:21:13-08-28 21:21:14<font color=blue>This will create a fluctuation.</font><br>126/288 293.16-294.24 <font color=red>hp</font> 这就是电磁波。08-28 21:21:13-08-28 21:21:16<font color=blue>This is an electromagnetic wave.</font><br>127/288 295.04-297.04 <font color=red>n</font> 而且呀根据电磁学方程组，08-28 21:21:15-08-28 21:21:18<font color=blue>And, according to the set of electromagnetic equations,</font><br>128/288 297.28-302.08 <font color=red>n</font> 能够明确计算出电磁波在真空中的速度就是三十万公里每秒，08-28 21:21:16-08-28 21:21:21<font color=blue>The ability to accurately calculate the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is 300,000 kilometers per second.</font><br>129/288 302.32-303.1 <font color=red>aaa</font> 这正是光速。08-28 21:21:16-08-28 21:21:19<font color=blue>This is the speed of light.</font><br>130/288 303.55-304.57 <font color=red>hp</font> 所以麦克斯韦说，08-28 21:21:17-08-28 21:21:20<font color=blue>Therefore, Maxwell said that...</font><br>131/288 304.93-306.25 <font color=red>n</font> 光就是一种电磁波，08-28 21:31:20-08-28 21:31:21<font color=blue>Light is a type of electromagnetic wave.</font><br>132/288 307.52-309.56 <font color=red>n</font> 机械波是在介质中传播的，08-28 21:21:19-08-28 21:21:21<font color=blue>Mechanical waves are transmitted in a medium,</font><br>133/288 309.74-311.78 <font color=red>aaa</font> 比如声波就是在空气中传播的，08-28 21:21:19-08-28 21:21:24<font color=blue>For example, sound waves are transmitted in the air.</font><br>134/288 312.18-315.0 <font color=red>hp</font> 升锅的速度实际上是相对于空气的速度。08-28 21:21:20-08-28 21:21:24<font color=blue>The rate of ascent is actually relative to the speed of air.</font><br>135/288 315.47-315.89 <font color=red>n</font> 古人云，08-28 21:21:22-08-28 21:21:23<font color=blue>As the saying goes,</font><br>136/288 316.25-316.97 <font color=red>n</font> 顺风而呼，08-28 21:21:23-08-28 21:21:24<font color=blue>Following the wind,</font><br>137/288 317.21-318.23 <font color=red>n</font> 生非佳吉也。08-28 21:21:24-08-28 21:21:26<font color=blue>It is not a good day.</font><br>138/288 318.29-321.99 <font color=red>n</font> 而闻者章文者章就是因为顺风而呼的时候，08-28 21:21:25-08-28 21:21:29<font color=blue>And the person who heard it was Zhang Wen, because he called out while riding against the wind.</font><br>139/288 322.29-322.83 <font color=red>aaa</font> 升速快，08-28 21:21:25-08-28 21:21:27<font color=blue>Fast speed,</font><br>140/288 323.59-326.04 <font color=red>hp</font> 可是啊光可以在真空中传播，08-28 21:21:26-08-28 21:21:30<font color=blue>However, light can also propagate in a vacuum.</font><br>141/288 326.34-329.7 <font color=red>lx</font> 它不像机械波那样依赖于空气或者水这样的介质。08-28 21:21:27-08-28 21:22:07<font color=blue>It doesn't rely on a medium like air or water, unlike mechanical waves.</font><br>142/288 330.07-332.77 <font color=red>n</font> 那么光速到底是相对于谁的呢？08-28 21:21:27-08-28 21:21:30<font color=blue>So, who is the speed of light relative to?</font><br>143/288 333.42-333.84 <font color=red>de</font> 我们知道，08-28 21:21:28-08-28 21:21:42<font color=blue>We know that,</font><br>144/288 334.14-335.82 <font color=red>aaa</font> 如果伽利略变换是正确的，08-28 21:21:29-08-28 21:21:30<font color=blue>If the Galilean transformation is correct,</font><br>145/288 336.06-337.5 <font color=red>xss</font> 相对于不同的参考系，08-28 21:21:29-08-28 21:21:51<font color=blue>Relative to different reference frames,</font><br>146/288 337.86-339.24 <font color=red>n</font> 光速应该是不一样的。08-28 21:21:30-08-28 21:21:33<font color=blue>The speed of light should not be the same.</font><br>147/288 339.58-344.86 <font color=red>n</font> 这就和麦克斯韦方程组计算出来的光速恒定为三十万公里每秒矛盾了。08-28 21:21:31-08-28 21:21:37<font color=blue>This contradicts Maxwell's equations, which calculate a constant speed of light of 300,000 kilometers per second.</font><br>148/288 345.24-345.72 <font color=red>hp</font> 大家注意，08-28 21:21:31-08-28 21:21:34<font color=blue>Everyone, please pay attention.</font><br>149/288 345.96-348.72 <font color=red>bg</font> 这是一个很重要的不能蒙混过关的问题。08-28 21:21:33-08-28 21:22:14<font color=blue>This is a very important question that cannot be ignored.</font><br>150/288 349.21-350.83 <font color=red>n</font> 如果在地球上有一个灯塔，08-28 21:21:33-08-28 21:21:36<font color=blue>If there were a lighthouse on Earth,</font><br>151/288 351.069-352.39 <font color=red>hp</font> 向宇宙中发出了光，08-28 21:21:35-08-28 21:21:37<font color=blue>Sent light into the universe,</font><br>152/288 352.86-355.08 <font color=red>aaa</font> 地球在围绕太阳旋转光速，08-28 21:21:36-08-28 21:21:37<font color=blue>The Earth rotates around the Sun at a certain speed.</font><br>153/288 355.38-358.26 <font color=red>n</font> 到底是相对于地球的还是相对于太阳的呢？08-28 21:21:36-08-28 21:21:39<font color=blue>Is it relative to the Earth or relative to the Sun?</font><br>154/288 358.8-360.36 <font color=red>n</font> 无论你给出了哪一个答案，08-28 21:21:37-08-28 21:21:39<font color=blue>No matter what answer you give,</font><br>155/288 360.539-361.62 <font color=red>hp</font> 我们都可以去质疑，08-28 21:21:38-08-28 21:21:40<font color=blue>We can all question,</font><br>156/288 361.92-363.66 <font color=red>aaa</font> 为什么不是另外一种情况呢？08-28 21:21:39-08-28 21:21:40<font color=blue>Why isn't it another situation?</font><br>157/288 364.63-366.13 <font color=red>n</font> 一个比较合理的猜想是，08-28 21:21:40-08-28 21:21:41<font color=blue>A reasonable guess is that,</font><br>158/288 366.43-368.35 <font color=red>n</font> 也许光速是相对于光源的。08-28 21:21:40-08-28 21:21:43<font color=blue>Perhaps the speed of light is relative to the source.</font><br>159/288 368.91-371.01 <font color=red>hp</font> 如果在地球上的灯塔发出了光，08-28 21:21:41-08-28 21:21:44<font color=blue>If a lighthouse on Earth emits light,</font><br>160/288 371.25-373.35 <font color=red>aaa</font> 那么光速就是相对于地球的。08-28 21:21:42-08-28 21:21:44<font color=blue>Therefore, the speed of light is relative to Earth.</font><br>161/288 373.9-375.28 <font color=red>n</font> 如果太阳发出了光，08-28 21:21:42-08-28 21:21:44<font color=blue>If the sun emits light,</font><br>162/288 375.46-377.26 <font color=red>de</font> 那么光速就是相对于太阳的。08-28 21:21:43-08-28 21:22:28<font color=blue>Therefore, the speed of light is relative to the sun.</font><br>163/288 377.85-380.31 <font color=red>n</font> 可是啊这种想法很快就被人们否定了。08-28 21:21:44-08-28 21:21:46<font color=blue>However, this idea was quickly dismissed by people.</font><br>164/288 380.83-382.63 <font color=red>de</font> 因为宇宙中有很多的双星，08-28 21:21:44-08-28 21:22:21<font color=blue>Because there are many binary stars in the universe,</font><br>165/288 383.22-386.46 <font color=red>n</font> 也就是两颗恒星或者一颗恒星和一颗暗星。08-28 21:21:45-08-28 21:21:47<font color=blue>Two stars or one star and a dark star.</font><br>166/288 386.7-387.36 <font color=red>aaa</font> 比如白矮星，08-28 21:21:46-08-28 21:21:47<font color=blue>For example, white dwarfs.</font><br>167/288 387.78-389.1 <font color=red>hp</font> 彼此围绕对方旋转。08-28 21:21:46-08-28 21:21:49<font color=blue>Rotating around each other.</font><br>168/288 389.73-391.77 <font color=red>n</font> 像我们知道的天狼星就是双星。08-28 21:21:47-08-28 21:21:50<font color=blue>Like the Sirius we know, it is a binary star.</font><br>169/288 392.33-395.01 <font color=red>aaa</font> 平常我们看到的是天狼星 a 旁边啊，08-28 21:21:48-08-28 21:21:50<font color=blue>Normally, when we see Sirius A, there is a...</font><br>170/288 395.13-395.97 <font color=red>n</font> 还有一颗白矮星，08-28 21:21:48-08-28 21:21:50<font color=blue>There is also a white dwarf star.</font><br>171/288 396.15-396.69 <font color=red>hp</font> 是天堂星。08-28 21:21:49-08-28 21:21:51<font color=blue>It is Paradise.</font><br>172/288 396.87-398.71 <font color=red>aaa</font> b 他们彼此围绕对方旋转。08-28 21:21:50-08-28 21:21:51<font color=blue>They revolve around each other.</font><br>173/288 399.69-401.01 <font color=red>n</font> 对于双星系统来讲，08-28 21:21:51-08-28 21:21:52<font color=blue>For binary star systems,</font><br>174/288 401.19-402.27 <font color=red>n</font> 在不同的位置，08-28 21:21:52-08-28 21:21:53<font color=blue>In different locations,</font><br>175/288 402.69-405.21 <font color=red>xss</font> 恒星相对于地球的速度会发生变化。08-28 21:21:52-08-28 21:22:27<font color=blue>The speed of a star relative to Earth can vary.</font><br>176/288 405.45-407.91 <font color=red>aaa</font> 你看啊假如 a 和 b 是一对双星，08-28 21:21:53-08-28 21:21:56<font color=blue>Okay, let's say a and b are two stars that orbit each other.</font><br>177/288 408.47-410.15 <font color=red>hp</font> 地球在双星的左下方，08-28 21:21:54-08-28 21:21:57<font color=blue>The Earth is below the left side of the binary star,</font><br>178/288 410.54-412.94 <font color=red>n</font> 那么当 b 运动到左上角的时候呢，08-28 21:21:54-08-28 21:21:57<font color=blue>So, when b moves to the top left corner?</font><br>179/288 413.12-414.08 <font color=red>n</font> 正在靠近地球，08-28 21:21:55-08-28 21:21:56<font color=blue>Approaching Earth,</font><br>180/288 414.63-417.45 <font color=red>n</font> b 在右下角的时候呢将会远离地球。08-28 21:26:57-08-28 21:27:01<font color=blue>When it's in the lower right corner, it will move away from Earth.</font><br>181/288 417.97-420.01 <font color=red>aaa</font> 如果光速是相对于光源的，08-28 21:21:56-08-28 21:21:58<font color=blue>If the speed of light is relative to the source,</font><br>182/288 420.32-422.03 <font color=red>n</font> 那么 b 发出的光速度更快，08-28 21:21:57-08-28 21:21:59<font color=blue>Then the light emitted by b is faster.</font><br>183/288 422.61-424.53 <font color=red>n</font> 一撇处发出的光速度更慢，08-28 21:21:58-08-28 21:22:00<font color=blue>The light emitted from the tip of a brush is slower.</font><br>184/288 425.01-426.93 <font color=red>hp</font> 到达地球的时间也会不一样。08-28 21:21:59-08-28 21:22:01<font color=blue>The arrival time will also vary.</font><br>185/288 427.65-428.19 <font color=red>aaa</font> 反过来说，08-28 21:21:59-08-28 21:22:00<font color=blue>In other words,</font><br>186/288 428.55-433.29 <font color=red>n</font> 同时到达地球的光是双星在不同位置不同时刻发出来的。08-28 21:22:00-08-28 21:22:05<font color=blue>The light that arrives at Earth from the binary star system is emitted by the two stars in different positions and at different times.</font><br>187/288 433.61-435.29 <font color=red>aaa</font> 当我们观察到双星的时候，08-28 21:22:01-08-28 21:22:02<font color=blue>When we observe a binary star,</font><br>188/288 435.53-437.57 <font color=red>n</font> 每一颗星都应该有一段光弧，08-28 21:22:02-08-28 21:22:05<font color=blue>Each star should have a light arc.</font><br>189/288 438.28-440.08 <font color=red>hp</font> 就好像小时候点燃一根烟，08-28 21:22:03-08-28 21:22:07<font color=blue>It's like lighting a cigarette when you were young,</font><br>190/288 440.14-441.52 <font color=red>aaa</font> 花在夜晚中转圈，08-28 21:22:04-08-28 21:22:05<font color=blue>Spinning in the night,</font><br>191/288 442.04-443.12 <font color=red>n</font> 因为视觉暂留，08-28 21:22:06-08-28 21:22:07<font color=blue>Due to visual persistence,</font><br>192/288 443.3-446.66 <font color=red>aaa</font> 我们会感觉到烟花在空中画出了一道亮线一样。08-28 21:22:06-08-28 21:22:09<font color=blue>We will feel that the fireworks are drawing a bright line in the sky.</font><br>193/288 447.43-451.51 <font color=red>n</font> 然而天文观测发现双星都是两颗非常清晰的点，08-28 21:22:07-08-28 21:22:11<font color=blue>However, astronomical observations show that both binary stars are two very clear points.</font><br>194/288 451.92-452.7 <font color=red>n</font> 都没有光湖，08-28 21:22:08-08-28 21:22:09<font color=blue>No lake,</font><br>195/288 453.19-456.1 <font color=red>hp</font> 这只能说明啊光速是与光源无关的。08-28 21:22:09-08-28 21:22:14<font color=blue>This can only mean that the speed of light is independent of the source.</font><br>196/288 456.39-458.67 <font color=red>lx</font> 看起来呀我们必须给光速找一个介质了。08-28 21:22:10-08-28 21:22:45<font color=blue>It seems like we have to find a medium for light.</font><br>197/288 459.05-460.85 <font color=red>aaa</font> 科学家们想到了古希腊先贤、08-28 21:22:11-08-28 21:22:13<font color=blue>Scientists have come up with the idea of ancient Greeks,</font><br>198/288 461.09-461.75 <font color=red>n</font> 亚里士多德，08-28 21:22:12-08-28 21:22:13<font color=blue>Aristotle,</font><br>199/288 461.93-464.87 <font color=red>n</font> 他曾经提出在宇宙中弥漫了一种物质，08-28 21:22:13-08-28 21:22:16<font color=blue>He once proposed that there was a substance permeating the universe.</font><br>200/288 465.26-467.35 <font color=red>n</font> 以太以态非常的透明，08-28 21:22:14-08-28 21:22:15<font color=blue>Ethereum is very transparent.</font><br>201/288 467.59-471.73 <font color=red>aaa</font> 以至于呀遥远的恒星发出的光依然能够传播到地球上。08-28 21:22:14-08-28 21:22:16<font color=blue>Even the light from distant stars can still reach Earth.</font><br>202/288 472.57-474.43 <font color=red>hp</font> 有了以太这种神奇的物质，08-28 21:22:15-08-28 21:22:18<font color=blue>With this magical substance, ether,</font><br>203/288 474.61-475.69 <font color=red>bg</font> 整个逻辑就通了，08-28 21:22:16-08-28 21:22:45<font color=blue>I finally understand the logic.</font><br>204/288 476.23-478.87 <font color=red>n</font> 光相对于以态的速度是三十万公里每秒，08-28 21:22:17-08-28 21:22:20<font color=blue>The speed of light is 300,000 kilometers per second.</font><br>205/288 479.27-481.04 <font color=red>n</font> 而地球呢在以态中穿梭，08-28 21:22:17-08-28 21:22:20<font color=blue>And the Earth is traveling through space.</font><br>206/288 481.57-483.25 <font color=red>aaa</font> 以太相对于地球有速度，08-28 21:22:18-08-28 21:22:22<font color=blue>Ether has a speed relative to Earth.</font><br>207/288 483.43-484.51 <font color=red>hp</font> 这就叫以太风。08-28 21:22:19-08-28 21:22:21<font color=blue>This is called ether wind.</font><br>208/288 485.08-487.72 <font color=red>n</font> 假如我们顺着以太风的方向发射一道光，08-28 21:22:20-08-28 21:22:24<font color=blue>If we were to launch a beam of light in the direction of the ether wind,</font><br>209/288 487.96-489.76 <font color=red>n</font> 那么这道光的速度就会比较快，08-28 21:22:21-08-28 21:22:24<font color=blue>Then this light will be quite fast.</font><br>210/288 490.18-491.56 <font color=red>de</font> 超过三十万公里每秒。08-28 21:22:22-08-28 21:22:58<font color=blue>More than 30,000 kilometers per second.</font><br>211/288 492.09-494.49 <font color=red>hp</font> 如果逆着以太丰的方向发出一道光呢，08-28 21:22:23-08-28 21:22:28<font color=blue>What if we sent a beam of light in the opposite direction to that of the ether?</font><br>212/288 494.61-496.23 <font color=red>aaa</font> 那么这道光的速度就会比较慢，08-28 21:22:23-08-28 21:22:28<font color=blue>So, the speed of light will be relatively slow.</font><br>213/288 496.59-498.15 <font color=red>n</font> 小于三十万公里每秒。08-28 21:22:25-08-28 21:22:27<font color=blue>Less than 30,000 kilometers per second.</font><br>214/288 498.63-498.99 <font color=red>n</font> 到这里，08-28 21:22:25-08-28 21:22:27<font color=blue>At this point,</font><br>215/288 499.42-501.88 <font color=red>n</font> 科学家们再次被自己无与伦比的智慧。08-28 21:22:27-08-28 21:22:30<font color=blue>Scientists are once again amazed by their own unparalleled intelligence.</font><br>216/288 501.94-502.6 <font color=red>xss</font> 所折服了，08-28 21:22:28-08-28 21:22:44<font color=blue>Conquered,</font><br>217/288 502.95-505.05 <font color=red>n</font> 剩下的工作就是通过一个实验，08-28 21:22:29-08-28 21:22:30<font color=blue>The remaining work is to conduct an experiment.</font><br>218/288 505.35-507.39 <font color=red>hp</font> 找到地球相对于以态的速度。08-28 21:22:29-08-28 21:22:33<font color=blue>Find the Earth's speed relative to its own axis.</font><br>219/288 507.75-514.44 <font color=red>aaa</font> 以太参考系就是牛顿在几百年前预测的绝对空间在一八八七年迈克尔森，08-28 21:22:30-08-28 21:22:41<font color=blue>The inertial frame of reference is the absolute space that Newton predicted centuries ago, which was confirmed by Michelson in 1887.</font><br>220/288 514.56-517.5 <font color=red>de</font> 和爱德华莫雷一起进行了一个寻找以态的实验，08-28 21:22:30-08-28 21:23:23<font color=blue>I conducted an experiment with Edward More on the topic of "looking at things".</font><br>221/288 517.78-520.12 <font color=red>n</font> 这就是著名的迈克尔森莫雷实验。08-28 21:22:31-08-28 21:22:34<font color=blue>This is the famous Michelson-Morley experiment.</font><br>222/288 520.45-523.97 <font color=red>n</font> 他们首先让一束光照射到一个玻璃片上玻璃片，08-28 21:22:32-08-28 21:22:35<font color=blue>They first shone a beam of light onto a piece of glass,</font><br>223/288 524.21-526.01 <font color=red>hp</font> 后侧呢镀了一层薄薄的银，08-28 21:22:34-08-28 21:22:37<font color=blue>The back is also coated with a thin layer of silver.</font><br>224/288 526.43-528.89 <font color=red>n</font> 这样啊玻璃片就可以透射一部分，08-28 21:22:35-08-28 21:22:37<font color=blue>That's right, the glass can transmit some light.</font><br>225/288 529.01-529.07 <font color=red>n</font> 光，08-28 21:22:35-08-28 21:22:36<font color=blue>Light,</font><br>226/288 529.31-530.81 <font color=red>n</font> 也可以反射一部分光，08-28 21:22:37-08-28 21:22:38<font color=blue>Can also reflect some light.</font><br>227/288 531.05-536.22 <font color=red>hp</font> 这叫做半反半透镜两束光通过两个反光镜照射到一个观察，08-28 21:22:38-08-28 21:22:46<font color=blue>This is called a semi-reflective, semi-transmissive lens where two beams of light pass through and are reflected by two mirrors to an observer.</font><br>228/288 536.4-537.78 <font color=red>n</font> 屏幕上进行了干涉。08-28 21:22:39-08-28 21:22:40<font color=blue>There was interference on the screen.</font><br>229/288 538.18-539.92 <font color=red>n</font> 根据迈克尔森和莫雷的设想，08-28 21:22:39-08-28 21:22:42<font color=blue>According to Michaelis and More's idea,</font><br>230/288 540.35-541.49 <font color=red>n</font> 由于以太风的存在，08-28 21:22:41-08-28 21:22:42<font color=blue>Due to the existence of Ether,</font><br>231/288 541.85-544.25 <font color=red>aaa</font> 各个方向的光速会有微小的差别，08-28 21:22:42-08-28 21:22:45<font color=blue>The speed of light in different directions may vary slightly.</font><br>232/288 544.61-546.65 <font color=red>n</font> 因为光线在以太风中的运动，08-28 21:22:42-08-28 21:22:45<font color=blue>Because of the movement of light in the ether,</font><br>233/288 546.95-551.84 <font color=red>n</font> 就好像是一条小船在匀速流过的河水中的运动一样顺水而下。08-28 21:22:43-08-28 21:22:46<font color=blue>It's like a small boat moving downstream at a constant speed.</font><br>234/288 552.02-553.1 <font color=red>xss</font> 在逆水而上的船，08-28 21:22:44-08-28 21:23:09<font color=blue>The ship sailing against the current,</font><br>235/288 553.46-556.34 <font color=red>lx</font> 经过的时间与横渡小河的船是不一样的。08-28 21:22:45-08-28 21:23:27<font color=blue>The time it takes to cross the river by boat is different from that of a raft.</font><br>236/288 556.84-559.78 <font color=red>aaa</font> 两束光叠加到观察屏就会发生干涉，08-28 21:22:46-08-28 21:22:52<font color=blue>When two beams of light overlap on the observation screen, interference occurs.</font><br>237/288 560.21-562.97 <font color=red>n</font> 通过观察目镜就能够看到干涉条纹了。08-28 21:22:47-08-28 21:22:49<font color=blue>You can see the interference patterns by simply looking through the eyepiece.</font><br>238/288 563.49-567.87 <font color=red>bg</font> 但是假如有一条光路的传播时间稍微长了一点或者短了一点，08-28 21:22:47-08-28 21:23:49<font color=blue>However, if a light path's propagation time is slightly longer or shorter,</font><br>239/288 568.22-571.28 <font color=red>hp</font> 那么条纹呢就会出现向左或者向右的移动。08-28 21:22:48-08-28 21:22:52<font color=blue>Then the stripes will appear to move left or right.</font><br>240/288 571.79-573.23 <font color=red>n</font> 这个实验的精度非常高，08-28 21:22:49-08-28 21:22:51<font color=blue>This experiment has a very high accuracy.</font><br>241/288 573.53-576.53 <font color=red>n</font> 哪怕两条光的传播时间有很小的差别，08-28 21:22:50-08-28 21:22:53<font color=blue>Even if the two light beams have a very small difference in their travel time,</font><br>242/288 576.77-578.57 <font color=red>n</font> 都能够看到条纹的移动。08-28 21:22:51-08-28 21:22:54<font color=blue>You can all see the movement of the stripes.</font><br>243/288 578.98-580.839 <font color=red>hp</font> 由于地球在围绕太阳旋转，08-28 21:22:52-08-28 21:22:56<font color=blue>Due to the Earth's rotation around the sun,</font><br>244/288 581.14-581.86 <font color=red>n</font> 有时候向东，08-28 21:22:54-08-28 21:22:55<font color=blue>Sometimes to the east,</font><br>245/288 582.1-582.88 <font color=red>n</font> 有时候向西，08-28 21:22:55-08-28 21:22:56<font color=blue>Sometimes to the west,</font><br>246/288 583.39-586.45 <font color=red>n</font> 地球不可能总相对以太静止一定存在。08-28 21:22:56-08-28 21:22:59<font color=blue>The Earth cannot always be at rest relative to a fixed ether.</font><br>247/288 586.57-589.2 <font color=red>n</font> 以太风无论以太丰的方向向哪里，08-28 21:22:56-08-28 21:22:59<font color=blue>No matter which direction the wind blows,</font><br>248/288 589.59-591.96 <font color=red>aaa</font> 当我们把试验台旋转九十度的时候，08-28 21:22:57-08-28 21:23:00<font color=blue>When we rotate the workbench ninety degrees,</font><br>249/288 592.44-595.38 <font color=red>hp</font> 横度和顺流而下的光线就会发生交换，08-28 21:22:58-08-28 21:23:01<font color=blue>Light traveling horizontally and vertically will exchange,</font><br>250/288 595.95-598.05 <font color=red>aaa</font> 两条光路的传播时间就变了。08-28 21:33:00-08-28 21:33:02<font color=blue>The time it takes for the two light paths to travel has changed.</font><br>251/288 598.4-600.86 <font color=red>de</font> 这样呢就必然会观察到条纹的移动。08-28 21:22:59-08-28 21:23:41<font color=blue>Then, we will inevitably observe the movement of stripes.</font><br>252/288 601.16-603.02 <font color=red>n</font> 按照迈克尔森的设想和估算，08-28 21:23:00-08-28 21:23:03<font color=blue>According to Michael's vision and estimation,</font><br>253/288 603.2-607.16 <font color=red>n</font> 他们应该能够观察到相当于零点零三根条纹宽度的移动。08-28 21:23:00-08-28 21:23:10<font color=blue>They should be able to observe a movement equivalent to 0.03 times the width of a stripe.</font><br>254/288 607.57-609.25 <font color=red>aaa</font> 可是结果却令他们很失望，08-28 21:23:01-08-28 21:23:04<font color=blue>But the result was disappointing to them.</font><br>255/288 609.74-611.78 <font color=red>hp</font> 转动了实验台之后干涉条纹，08-28 21:23:02-08-28 21:23:05<font color=blue>After rotating the experimental table, the interference pattern appeared.</font><br>256/288 612.08-612.68 <font color=red>n</font> 纹丝不动，08-28 21:23:03-08-28 21:23:07<font color=blue>Still,</font><br>257/288 613.47-615.33 <font color=red>aaa</font> 是不是条文移动的太少了呢？08-28 21:23:05-08-28 21:23:08<font color=blue>Are the clauses moving too little?</font><br>258/288 615.8-619.46 <font color=red>hp</font> 后来啊他们通过反射的方法把光壁增长为十一米，08-28 21:23:06-08-28 21:23:11<font color=blue>Later, they used a reflective method to expand the light barrier to 11 meters.</font><br>259/288 619.94-622.46 <font color=red>n</font> 理论上呢条纹应该移动零点四根，08-28 21:23:08-08-28 21:23:12<font color=blue>Theoretically, the stripes should move by zero point four.</font><br>260/288 622.76-625.52 <font color=red>aaa</font> 而仪器的精度是零点零一根条纹。08-28 21:23:09-08-28 21:23:14<font color=blue>And the accuracy of the instrument is 0.1 millimeters.</font><br>261/288 625.84-629.19 <font color=red>n</font> 可是结果呢依然没有发现任何的条纹移动，08-28 21:23:11-08-28 21:23:22<font color=blue>But the result is still no movement of stripes.</font><br>262/288 629.53-631.87 <font color=red>xss</font> 最终呢迈克尔森和莫雷无奈的宣布，08-28 21:23:11-08-28 21:23:47<font color=blue>Finally, Michael and More reluctantly announced that...</font><br>263/288 632.23-634.81 <font color=red>hp</font> 无论如何完全看不到干涉条纹的移动。08-28 21:23:12-08-28 21:23:16<font color=blue>No matter how, the interference stripes are completely invisible.</font><br>264/288 635.26-640.0 <font color=red>n</font> 以太似乎总是相对于地球静止的寻找以太的实验失败了。08-28 21:23:13-08-28 21:23:32<font color=blue>The Michelson-Morley experiment, which was designed to detect the existence of a luminiferous ether—a hypothetical medium through which light waves were thought to propagate—failed to find any evidence for its existence.</font><br>265/288 640.33-642.25 <font color=red>aaa</font> 牛顿假设存在绝对时空，08-28 21:23:15-08-28 21:23:18<font color=blue>Newton assumed the existence of absolute time and space.</font><br>266/288 642.55-644.47 <font color=red>hp</font> 根据电磁学方程算出的光速，08-28 21:23:16-08-28 21:23:20<font color=blue>According to the calculation of light speed based on electromagnetic equations,</font><br>267/288 644.89-648.22 <font color=red>aaa</font> 人们假定光速就是光相对于绝对空间的速度，08-28 21:23:18-08-28 21:23:24<font color=blue>People assume that the speed of light is the speed of light relative to absolute space.</font><br>268/288 648.57-652.35 <font color=red>hp</font> 于是绝对时空或者说以太是可以被找到的。08-28 21:23:21-08-28 21:23:24<font color=blue>Therefore, absolute space and time or the ether can be found.</font><br>269/288 652.78-655.54 <font color=red>n</font> 可是啊各种寻找以态的实验都失败了，08-28 21:23:23-08-28 21:23:28<font color=blue>However, all experiments to find the state of affairs have failed.</font><br>270/288 655.84-657.52 <font color=red>de</font> 光速似乎总是恒定的。08-28 21:23:23-08-28 21:23:56<font color=blue>The speed of light always seems to be constant.</font><br>271/288 657.7-662.32 <font color=red>aaa</font> 这样呢光速的不变性和绝对时空伽利略变换就出现了矛盾。08-28 21:23:25-08-28 21:23:32<font color=blue>This is where the constancy of light speed and Galilean transformation of absolute space-time come into conflict.</font><br>272/288 662.81-666.53 <font color=red>hp</font> 也就是说呀牛顿的假设出现了和实验不相符的结果，08-28 21:23:26-08-28 21:23:30<font color=blue>That is, Newton's assumptions led to results that were inconsistent with experiments.</font><br>273/288 666.97-668.83 <font color=red>lx</font> 就好像根据欧基里德的理论，08-28 21:23:28-08-28 21:24:02<font color=blue>Just like according to Euclid's theory,</font><br>274/288 669.19-670.93 <font color=red>n</font> 三角形内角和是一百八十度。08-28 21:23:29-08-28 21:23:34<font color=blue>The sum of the angles in a triangle is 180 degrees.</font><br>275/288 671.17-673.15 <font color=red>hp</font> 但是我们在空间中画了一个三角形，08-28 21:23:31-08-28 21:23:34<font color=blue>But we drew a triangle in space.</font><br>276/288 673.45-675.91 <font color=red>aaa</font> 发现它的内角和不是一百八十度的。08-28 21:23:32-08-28 21:23:36<font color=blue>The angles inside are not 180 degrees.</font><br>277/288 676.38-678.84 <font color=red>n</font> 也许是时候提出新的假设了，08-28 21:23:33-08-28 21:23:37<font color=blue>Maybe it's time to propose a new hypothesis.</font><br>278/288 679.78-682.6 <font color=red>hp</font> 这些理论都是那个时代最前沿的物理学理论。08-28 21:23:34-08-28 21:23:39<font color=blue>These theories were the most cutting-edge physics theories of that era.</font><br>279/288 682.98-686.59 <font color=red>n</font> 在上中学和大学的年轻的爱因斯坦在自己逃学的时候，08-28 21:23:35-08-28 21:23:41<font color=blue>During his teenage years, when Einstein was still in high school and university, he would often skip class.</font><br>280/288 686.83-688.03 <font color=red>n</font> 阅读了大量的著作，08-28 21:23:38-08-28 21:23:40<font color=blue>Read a lot of books,</font><br>281/288 688.33-689.83 <font color=red>hp</font> 了解了所有上面的问题。08-28 21:23:39-08-28 21:23:42<font color=blue>I understand all the above questions.</font><br>282/288 690.4-691.36 <font color=red>aaa</font> 等到爱因斯坦毕业，08-28 21:23:40-08-28 21:23:41<font color=blue>After Einstein graduated,</font><br>283/288 691.54-693.88 <font color=red>n</font> 在奥林匹亚科学院里讨论问题的时候，08-28 21:23:41-08-28 21:23:44<font color=blue>While discussing issues in the Academy of Olympia,</font><br>284/288 694.12-696.34 <font color=red>de</font> 爱因斯坦终于推翻了牛顿的假设，08-28 21:23:42-08-28 21:24:12<font color=blue>Einstein finally overturned Newton's assumptions.</font><br>285/288 696.74-698.36 <font color=red>aaa</font> 提出了自己的时空观。08-28 21:23:42-08-28 21:23:44<font color=blue>Proposed his own theory of space and time.</font><br>286/288 698.79-699.99 <font color=red>n</font> 爱因斯坦是怎么说的呢？08-28 21:23:43-08-28 21:23:47<font color=blue>How did Einstein say it?</font><br>287/288 700.35-700.71 <font color=red>hp</font> 关注我，08-28 21:23:44-08-28 21:23:46<font color=blue>Follow me,</font><br>288/288 700.89-703.05 <font color=red>aaa</font> 我们下一期继续漫谈相对论。08-28 21:23:45-08-28 21:23:47<font color=blue>We will continue our discussion on relativity in the next issue.</font><br>