1/265 0.09-2.009 n 为什么一听到西方文明四个字，08-28 21:28:57-08-28 21:29:00Why, when I hear the phrase "Western civilization,"
2/265 2.25-3.27 de 绝大多数人的立场，08-28 21:28:58-08-28 21:29:24The majority of people's stance,
3/265 3.57-5.19 n 马上就会出现两极分化？08-28 21:28:59-08-28 21:29:00Is it going to happen soon?
4/265 5.55-6.51 xss 为什么同样一个存在，08-28 21:28:59-08-28 21:29:23Why does the same thing exist?
5/265 6.87-9.99 hp 会在人们的情感中制造出如此截然相反的冲动？08-28 21:29:00-08-28 21:29:04Could it create such opposite impulses in people's emotions?
6/265 10.35-12.69 n 西方文明的底色到底是红还是黑？08-28 21:29:01-08-28 21:29:04What is the underlying color of Western civilization: red or black?
7/265 12.87-15.57 n 那我们今天就花十分钟的时间来通过古典主义、08-28 21:29:01-08-28 21:29:05So, let's spend ten minutes today to discuss classical music.
8/265 15.75-16.05 aaa 基督教、08-28 21:29:02-08-28 21:29:04Christianity,
9/265 16.23-17.31 lx 传统启蒙主义、08-28 21:29:04-08-28 21:29:13Enlightenment,
10/265 17.55-17.97 aaa 自由主义、08-28 21:29:05-08-28 21:29:06Liberalism,
11/265 18.15-18.63 hp 保守主义、08-28 21:29:05-08-28 21:29:07Conservatism,
12/265 18.75-23.55 n 尼采是批判和后现代主义这些西方不同时期的主流思想流派，08-28 21:29:07-08-28 21:29:12Nietzsche is a major philosophical school of thought in Western philosophy, encompassing both critical and postmodernist currents.
13/265 23.79-26.67 aaa 来看看他们是如何界定与批判自己文明的。08-28 21:29:07-08-28 21:29:12Let's see how they define their relationship with and critique of their own civilization.
14/265 26.85-31.3 hp 在上一篇讨论奥德赛与西方文明关系的作品评论区炸翻了天。08-28 21:29:08-08-28 21:29:15The previous discussion about the relationship between *Odyssey* and Western civilization caused a huge stir in the comments section of my work.
15/265 31.72-32.8 n 可能诺兰也没想到，08-28 21:29:09-08-28 21:29:12Perhaps Nolan didn't expect it either.
16/265 33.04-36.22 n 这部电影在基层还能引发这么热烈的讨论。08-28 21:29:12-08-28 21:29:15This movie can still spark so much discussion at the grassroots level.
17/265 36.46-37.96 n 当我们讨论西方文明的时候，08-28 21:29:13-08-28 21:29:15When we discuss Western civilization,
18/265 38.14-39.88 aaa 我们到底是在讨论什么？08-28 21:29:14-08-28 21:29:17What are we talking about?
19/265 40.0-43.0 lx 我们讨论的其实是一个历史文化制度共同体。08-28 21:29:14-08-28 21:29:53What we are discussing is actually a historical and cultural institutional community.
20/265 43.24-43.42 de 不过，08-28 21:29:15-08-28 21:29:23However,
21/265 43.66-45.22 n 西方文明西方国家、08-28 21:29:15-08-28 21:29:16Western Civilization, Western countries.
22/265 45.46-47.56 hp 西方政治集团这三者的两两之间，08-28 21:29:16-08-28 21:29:19The three Western political groups are:
23/265 47.74-50.08 n 本质上并没有什么能划上等号的关系。08-28 21:29:17-08-28 21:29:19In essence, there is nothing that can be equated.
24/265 50.38-54.16 bg 比如说岛国在国际上通常被视为西方阵营的重要成员，08-28 21:29:17-08-28 21:30:27For example, island nations are often considered to be important members of the Western camp on the international stage.
25/265 54.46-57.16 n 但是没人会把它划到西方文明的祖坟里。08-28 21:29:18-08-28 21:29:21But no one will classify it as the ancestral tomb of Western civilization.
26/265 57.64-58.0 aaa 反过来，08-28 21:29:19-08-28 21:29:20Conversely,
27/265 58.42-60.77 hp 我们说大俄明显既成了古希腊、08-28 21:29:20-08-28 21:29:23We say that the Great Russian is clearly both Greek and...
28/265 60.89-63.23 n 基督教古罗马帝国和欧洲思想传统，08-28 21:29:20-08-28 21:29:23Christianity, the Roman Empire and European thought tradition.
29/265 63.59-66.47 aaa 却经常在政治意义上被排除在西方之外。08-28 21:29:21-08-28 21:29:26However, it is often excluded from the West in terms of politics.
30/265 66.71-67.91 n 那接下来我们讨论文明，08-28 21:29:22-08-28 21:29:23Next, we will discuss civilization.
31/265 68.48-71.97 de 我们需要强调的是在西方没有任何一个思想流派，08-28 21:29:24-08-28 21:30:35What we need to emphasize is that there is no single school of thought in the West,
32/265 72.47-75.05 n 能够宣称拥有对西方文明的唯一解释权。08-28 21:29:24-08-28 21:29:27Claiming to have the only explanation for Western civilization.
33/265 75.87-76.83 xss 所谓西方文明，08-28 21:29:25-08-28 21:29:50What is meant by Western civilization?
34/265 77.31-81.21 n 本来就是不同传统长期冲突不断融合的一个结果。08-28 21:29:26-08-28 21:29:29This is the result of a long-term conflict between different traditions that are constantly merging.
35/265 81.69-81.93 hp 当然，08-28 21:29:27-08-28 21:29:29Of course,
36/265 82.4-86.3 de 这里仍然成长出来几条彼此竞争的解释路线。08-28 21:29:28-08-28 21:30:12Several alternative explanations continue to emerge and compete with each other.
37/265 86.48-89.48 aaa 这些解释传统就是我们在视频开头提到过的，08-28 21:29:28-08-28 21:29:33These explanations are the same as those mentioned in the video introduction.
38/265 89.72-91.86 n 按照时间线分别是古典主义、08-28 21:29:29-08-28 21:29:31Chronologically, the periods are: Classical,
39/265 92.1-93.72 hp 基督教传统启蒙主义、08-28 21:29:30-08-28 21:29:32Christian traditional enlightenment,
40/265 93.96-94.44 n 自由主义、08-28 21:29:30-08-28 21:29:31Liberalism,
41/265 94.62-95.04 n 保守主义、08-28 21:29:31-08-28 21:29:32Conservatism,
42/265 95.16-96.72 n 尼采是批判和后现代主义。08-28 21:29:32-08-28 21:29:34Nietzsche is both critical and postmodern.
43/265 96.9-99.12 hp 本期我们会一直讲到尼采是批判，08-28 21:29:33-08-28 21:29:37In this issue, we will continue to discuss Nietzsche's critique.
44/265 99.36-102.66 n 然后从下一期开始进入宏大的二十世纪思想史。08-28 21:29:33-08-28 21:29:38Then, starting from the next issue, we will delve into a grand history of 20th-century thought.
45/265 102.9-107.15 lx 我们上一期讨论的奥德赛就在古典主义的古希腊理性中，08-28 21:34:35-08-28 21:35:15Last time, we discussed the Odyssey, which is set in ancient Greece within the framework of classical Greek rationality.
46/265 107.39-108.89 aaa 他的计谋伪装、08-28 21:29:35-08-28 21:29:38His scheme is disguised,
47/265 109.49-109.67 n 欺骗、08-28 21:29:35-08-28 21:29:36Deception,
48/265 110.03-114.29 n 对规则漏洞的使用可以被看作一种极端的古希腊式英雄。08-28 21:29:37-08-28 21:29:41Exploiting loopholes in the rules can be seen as a kind of extreme, heroic act.
49/265 114.76-117.4 hp 那么古典主义中除了古希腊理性，08-28 21:29:38-08-28 21:29:42Besides the rationality of ancient Greece, what else is there in classicalism?
50/265 117.7-120.52 aaa 还包含了罗马法和共和政治的内容。08-28 21:29:38-08-28 21:29:42It also includes content on Roman law and republican politics.
51/265 120.64-121.06 n 到这儿呢，08-28 21:29:39-08-28 21:29:40Here,
52/265 121.18-123.94 n 我们要先穿越一下到艾德蒙的伯克这里，08-28 21:29:40-08-28 21:29:44We need to first travel over to Lord Edmond's place,
53/265 124.28-126.41 n 他通常被称为保守主义之父。08-28 21:29:41-08-28 21:29:44He is often referred to as the father of conservatism.
54/265 126.59-128.09 hp 为什么要先讲保守主义？08-28 21:29:43-08-28 21:29:46Why should I start with conservative ideas?
55/265 128.44-131.56 aaa 因为保守主义虽然没有定义西方文明的垄断权，08-28 21:29:44-08-28 21:29:48Although conservatism has not defined the monopoly of Western civilization,
56/265 131.74-134.56 n 但它拥有一种非常强大的文明解释视角。08-28 21:29:44-08-28 21:29:47But it has a very powerful perspective on explaining civilization.
57/265 134.8-137.62 n 而且这种视角特别适合回答一个问题，08-28 21:29:45-08-28 21:29:48Moreover, this perspective is particularly suitable for answering a question.
58/265 137.92-143.75 hp 就是为什么西方文明明明不断推崇创新革命个人自由和理性，08-28 21:29:47-08-28 21:29:52That's why Western civilization, despite constantly promoting innovation, revolution, individual freedom and rationality,
59/265 144.13-146.47 n 却又如此害怕自身失去连续性？08-28 21:29:48-08-28 21:29:50But why are they so afraid of losing their continuity?
60/265 146.71-148.39 aaa 他对这个问题的回答非常典型。08-28 21:29:48-08-28 21:29:52His answer to this question is very typical.
61/265 148.57-148.75 n 他说，08-28 21:29:49-08-28 21:29:50He said,
62/265 149.11-151.51 n 文明不是某一代人拥有的资产，08-28 21:29:51-08-28 21:29:53Civilization is not an asset owned by a particular generation.
63/265 151.81-153.97 xss 而是一种跨世代的继承关系。08-28 21:29:52-08-28 21:30:16It is a generational inheritance.
64/265 154.15-156.61 hp 他在法国革命论中有一句非常顶的话，08-28 21:29:53-08-28 21:29:57He has a very powerful statement in his writings on the French Revolution.
65/265 157.12-158.76 n 把社会描述为一种，08-28 21:29:53-08-28 21:29:54Describe society as a,
66/265 158.94-160.5 aaa 不仅存在于活人之间，08-28 21:29:54-08-28 21:29:55Not only exists between living beings,
67/265 160.86-165.27 lx 也连接那些已经逝去的人与尚未出生的新生的伙伴关系。08-28 21:29:55-08-28 21:30:29It also connects those who have passed away with the new generation.
68/265 165.51-168.81 n 这个对文明的定义和对传统的定义其实是非常之接近的。08-28 21:29:55-08-28 21:29:59This definition of civilization and this definition of tradition are very similar.
69/265 168.99-172.32 n 那么我们这个时候再引出一个人叫做马修阿诺德。08-28 21:29:56-08-28 21:30:08So, at this point we can introduce a person named Matthew Arnold.
70/265 172.44-176.58 aaa 他更准确的身份是文化批评家和维多利亚时代思想家。08-28 21:29:57-08-28 21:30:08His more accurate identity is that of a cultural critic and Victorian-era thinker.
71/265 176.76-178.56 hp 他倾向于这样理解西方文明。08-28 21:29:57-08-28 21:30:08He tends to understand Western civilization in this way.
72/265 178.74-179.04 n 他认为，08-28 21:30:08-08-28 21:30:09He believes that,
73/265 179.22-181.14 n 西方文明的底蕴是两种精神，08-28 21:30:09-08-28 21:30:10The foundation of Western civilization is two spirits,
74/265 181.5-183.0 aaa 一种是古希腊主义。08-28 21:30:09-08-28 21:30:10One is ancient Greek.
75/265 183.24-184.92 hp 另一种是古希伯来主义。08-28 21:30:10-08-28 21:30:12Another is ancient Hebrew.
76/265 185.1-188.48 n 古希腊主义的传统是如其本然的认识事物，08-28 21:30:11-08-28 21:30:14The tradition of ancient Greek philosophy is to understand things as they are,
77/265 188.84-189.44 aaa 认识外界，08-28 21:30:11-08-28 21:30:12Recognize the external world,
78/265 189.62-192.69 n 其实往往有被我们所忽略的一暗面。08-28 21:30:12-08-28 21:30:15In fact, there is often a hidden side that we tend to ignore.
79/265 193.23-197.85 de 比如心理学家艾里西弗洛姆在爱的艺术里讲到了一种人类的认识行为。08-28 21:30:13-08-28 21:31:27For example, psychologist Erich Fromm discusses a human cognitive behavior in his book "The Art of Loving."
80/265 198.51-201.38 aaa 一个孩子会残忍的扯掉蝴蝶的翅膀，08-28 21:30:14-08-28 21:30:16A child will cruelly tear off the butterfly's wings.
81/265 201.96-202.74 hp 就是为了认识他，08-28 21:30:14-08-28 21:30:17In order to know him,
82/265 203.04-204.72 n 迫使他交出自己的秘密。08-28 21:30:15-08-28 21:30:17Force him to hand over his secrets.
83/265 204.9-206.16 n 而这种残酷背后，08-28 21:30:15-08-28 21:30:17And behind this cruelty,
84/265 206.46-210.21 xss 就是那个想要知道事物与生命命运的欲望。08-28 21:30:16-08-28 21:30:53It's the desire to know about things and life.
85/265 210.45-214.65 hp 那古希伯来主义的冲动则是强调行为纪律与服从。08-28 21:30:18-08-28 21:30:22The driving force of ancient Hebrew was to emphasize discipline and obedience.
86/265 214.99-218.77 n 西方文明呢就在这两种张力下展开了啊，08-28 21:30:18-08-28 21:30:21Western civilization unfolded under these two tensions,
87/265 219.01-220.57 n 那么通过阿诺德的视角，08-28 21:30:19-08-28 21:30:21From Arnold's perspective,
88/265 220.749-221.65 aaa 我们就能够发现，08-28 21:30:20-08-28 21:30:21We can find that,
89/265 221.95-227.75 n 奥德修斯几乎可以被看作是一种近乎极端的古希腊主义式的英雄。08-28 21:30:21-08-28 21:30:25Odysseus can almost be seen as a near-extreme example of an ancient Greek hero.
90/265 227.93-228.47 n 他会伪装，08-28 21:30:22-08-28 21:30:23He will disguise himself.
91/265 228.95-229.55 aaa 会计谋，08-28 21:30:22-08-28 21:30:23Accountant,
92/265 229.95-230.97 hp 会利用规则漏洞。08-28 21:30:23-08-28 21:30:25Exploit loopholes.
93/265 231.09-233.01 aaa 它的核心问题不是这样做，08-28 21:30:24-08-28 21:30:25The core issue is not doing this.
94/265 233.37-234.93 n 是否符合绝对道德，08-28 21:30:25-08-28 21:30:26Does it conform to absolute morality?
95/265 235.05-236.15 n 而是这样做，08-28 21:30:26-08-28 21:30:27Instead, do this.
96/265 236.33-237.29 hp 能不能让我活下来，08-28 21:30:26-08-28 21:30:29Can you let me live,
97/265 237.53-238.37 aaa 赢下来回到家。08-28 21:30:27-08-28 21:30:28Win and return home.
98/265 238.73-243.65 n 那么古希伯来传统的冲动是不断向这种能力提出另一个问题。08-28 21:30:28-08-28 21:30:31The ancient Hebrew tradition was constantly posing another question to this ability.
99/265 244.13-245.21 n 即使你能够做到，08-28 21:30:28-08-28 21:30:30Even if you can do it,
100/265 245.62-246.94 bg 你有没有权利这样做。08-28 21:30:29-08-28 21:31:02Do you have the right to do so.
101/265 247.52-251.12 aaa 因为古希伯来主义的内涵就是古典主义之后的基督教传统，08-28 21:30:30-08-28 21:30:32Because the essence of ancient Judaism is the Christian tradition that follows classical Greek philosophy,
102/265 251.71-255.5 hp 他的范畴是圣经是超越性道德罪与救赎。08-28 21:30:30-08-28 21:30:34His domain is the Bible, encompassing transcendence, moral sin and redemption.
103/265 256.12-258.2 lx 我们大可以把古希腊主义冲动，08-28 21:30:31-08-28 21:31:03We can certainly embrace the Greek spirit of spontaneity,
104/265 258.5-259.34 n 按照苏格拉底、08-28 21:30:32-08-28 21:30:33According to Socrates,
105/265 259.52-259.82 n 布拉图、08-28 21:30:32-08-28 21:30:33Plato,
106/265 260.0-260.3 aaa 亚里士、08-28 21:30:33-08-28 21:30:34Ari,
107/265 260.42-260.66 n 德德、08-28 21:30:34-08-28 21:30:34Dear,
108/265 260.84-261.32 n 文艺复兴、08-28 21:30:34-08-28 21:30:35Renaissance,
109/265 261.56-265.15 aaa 启蒙运动到科学现代性这条主线进行延伸。08-28 21:30:35-08-28 21:30:37Extending the main line of "Enlightenment to Scientific Modernity".
110/265 265.51-265.87 n 另一边，08-28 21:30:36-08-28 21:30:37On the other hand,
111/265 266.23-269.05 hp 我们看到古希国来主义走向了基督教、08-28 21:30:36-08-28 21:30:40We see that the ancient Greek philosophy has gone towards Christianity.
112/265 269.47-271.99 de 阿古斯汀宗教改革道德主体，08-28 21:30:37-08-28 21:31:16Augustine, the religious reformer, was a moral subject.
113/265 272.46-273.9 n 一直到西方现代伦理。08-28 21:30:38-08-28 21:30:40Until modern Western ethics.
114/265 274.22-276.8 n 这两条线就像基因的双螺旋结构一样，08-28 21:30:38-08-28 21:30:41These two lines are like the double helix structure of a gene,
115/265 277.14-277.86 aaa 一直在延伸，08-28 21:30:39-08-28 21:30:40Keep extending,
116/265 278.16-279.12 n 而且彼此之衡。08-28 21:30:40-08-28 21:30:41And their respective measures.
117/265 279.36-280.2 aaa 在他们自己看来，08-28 21:30:41-08-28 21:30:42In their own view,
118/265 280.67-282.71 hp 西方文明有很多最深刻的危机，08-28 21:30:42-08-28 21:30:44Western civilization faces many profound crises,
119/265 283.19-285.83 n 都是恰恰发生在这两者失衡的时候。08-28 21:30:42-08-28 21:30:44This happens when there is an imbalance between the two.
120/265 286.29-286.53 n 比如，08-28 21:30:43-08-28 21:30:44For example,
121/265 286.77-292.7 aaa 我们完全可以把二十世纪以来的技术现代性理解为古希腊主义极度膨胀，08-28 21:30:43-08-28 21:30:47We can completely understand the technological modernity of the 20th century as an extreme expansion of ancient Greek civilization.
122/265 292.94-295.52 n 而古希伯来主义的约束能力开始不济。08-28 21:30:45-08-28 21:30:47However, the constraints of ancient Hebrew began to weaken.
123/265 295.88-296.3 hp 也就是说，08-28 21:30:45-08-28 21:30:47That is to say,
124/265 296.6-299.36 n 他们开始疯狂试探人类科技的能力边界，08-28 21:30:46-08-28 21:30:48They began to frantically test the limits of human technology.
125/265 299.76-302.85 n 却越来越没有办法回答人类是不是应该这样做。08-28 21:35:48-08-28 21:35:51However, it is increasingly difficult to answer whether humans should do so.
126/265 303.27-304.71 aaa 核武器就是最典型的例子，08-28 21:30:48-08-28 21:30:49Nuclear weapons are a prime example.
127/265 305.0-305.54 n 人工智能、08-28 21:30:48-08-28 21:30:49Artificial intelligence,
128/265 305.78-305.96 hp 基因、08-28 21:30:49-08-28 21:30:51Genes
129/265 306.08-306.26 n 编辑、08-28 21:30:50-08-28 21:30:50Edit,
130/265 306.44-307.88 aaa 算法治理也都是这么个情况。08-28 21:30:50-08-28 21:30:52Algorithm governance is also the same.
131/265 308.18-309.02 n 所以我们可以说，08-28 21:30:51-08-28 21:30:53Therefore, we can say that
132/265 309.2-312.61 n 古典主义的核心关切就是对于个人而言，08-28 21:30:52-08-28 21:30:54The core concern of Classicism is for the individual,
133/265 312.85-314.05 hp 应当如何活得卓越，08-28 21:30:52-08-28 21:30:55How to live a great life,
134/265 314.58-316.499 aaa 并且建立一个有秩序的共同体。08-28 21:30:53-08-28 21:30:55And establish a well-ordered community.
135/265 317.04-319.98 n 就算到了苏格拉底波拉图和亚里舍德德古典世界，08-28 21:30:54-08-28 21:30:56Even in the world of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle,
136/265 320.1-321.96 xss 最关切的也不是个人权利。08-28 21:30:54-08-28 21:31:28The most important thing is not personal rights.
137/265 322.02-322.8 n 有没有被侵犯，08-28 21:30:55-08-28 21:30:56Have been violated,
138/265 323.1-326.02 aaa 而是什么样的人才算一个好人，08-28 21:30:56-08-28 21:30:57What kind of people are considered good?
139/265 326.48-328.76 hp 什么样的城邦才算一个好城邦。08-28 21:30:56-08-28 21:30:59What constitutes a good city-state?
140/265 329.06-330.38 n 那到了基督教传统，08-28 21:30:57-08-28 21:30:59Then, in the Christian tradition,
141/265 330.5-332.33 n 这里核心问题就不一样了，08-28 21:30:58-08-28 21:30:59The core issue is different here.
142/265 332.57-334.55 aaa 成了人如何在自身有罪、08-28 21:30:58-08-28 21:31:00How to become a person who has committed crimes.
143/265 334.97-336.47 n 有限和脆弱的条件下，08-28 21:31:00-08-28 21:31:01Under limited and fragile conditions,
144/265 336.94-337.48 n 与上帝、08-28 21:31:00-08-28 21:31:01With God,
145/265 337.78-340.96 hp 他人和自身重新建立正确的关系。08-28 21:31:01-08-28 21:31:04Re-establish correct relationships with others and oneself.
146/265 341.38-343.36 aaa 前者对人的看法相对上升。08-28 21:31:02-08-28 21:31:03The former has a more positive view of people.
147/265 344.05-347.23 n 这帮人觉得人啊是可以通过理性教育，08-28 21:31:02-08-28 21:31:06These people believe that humans can be educated through reason.
148/265 347.53-352.02 n 政治和德性不断接近卓越的那后者对人的看法就比较悲观，08-28 21:31:03-08-28 21:31:07As politics and morality approach excellence, the latter's view of people becomes more pessimistic.
149/265 352.5-353.76 bg 限制意识居于主导，08-28 21:31:04-08-28 21:31:34Restricting consciousness to dominance,
150/265 353.94-355.92 lx 人的理性和意志都差点意思，08-28 21:31:04-08-28 21:31:31Human rationality and will are almost the same.
151/265 356.1-359.22 aaa 必须得用一套高标准的准则来约束。08-28 21:31:05-08-28 21:31:07There must be a set of high standards to regulate.
152/265 359.46-359.94 hp 简单说来，08-28 21:31:06-08-28 21:31:07Simply put,
153/265 360.12-360.6 n 在古希腊，08-28 21:31:06-08-28 21:31:08In ancient Greece,
154/265 360.72-361.08 aaa 人们会问，08-28 21:31:07-08-28 21:31:08People will ask,
155/265 361.14-361.86 n 你能做到多少，08-28 21:31:08-08-28 21:31:09How much can you do?
156/265 362.04-363.48 hp 然后鼓励你突破极限，08-28 21:31:09-08-28 21:31:12Then encourage you to break through your limits,
157/265 363.72-363.9 n 更高，08-28 21:31:10-08-28 21:31:10Higher,
158/265 364.08-364.32 aaa 更快、08-28 21:31:10-08-28 21:31:11Faster,
159/265 364.44-364.62 n 更强。08-28 21:31:11-08-28 21:31:11Stronger.
160/265 365.17-368.35 n 但到了基督教这里成了你到底应该做多少？08-28 21:31:11-08-28 21:31:14But in Christianity, how much should you do?
161/265 368.59-370.15 aaa 有一个对于核心观点的态度，08-28 21:31:12-08-28 21:31:14There is an attitude towards the core idea,
162/265 370.64-371.78 n 发生了微妙的改变，08-28 21:31:13-08-28 21:31:14There was a subtle change,
163/265 372.14-373.1 hp 什么骄傲？08-28 21:31:13-08-28 21:31:16What are you proud of?
164/265 373.28-373.94 n 在古希腊，08-28 21:31:14-08-28 21:31:15In ancient Greece,
165/265 374.24-375.92 aaa 这就是你僭阅的自身边界，08-28 21:31:15-08-28 21:31:16This is your own boundary of transgression,
166/265 376.1-376.46 n 然后呢，08-28 21:31:16-08-28 21:31:16Then,
167/265 376.52-378.68 n 神罚一罚你就好了也没什么大不了的，08-28 21:31:16-08-28 21:31:19It's just a single strike from the Divine Punishment, nothing to worry about.
168/265 379.09-379.87 de 世人都会犯错。08-28 21:31:17-08-28 21:31:32Everyone makes mistakes.
169/265 380.17-380.95 hp 到基督教这里，08-28 21:31:17-08-28 21:31:19To Christianity,
170/265 381.07-382.93 n 他就变成了更加根本的罪人，08-28 21:31:18-08-28 21:31:20He became a more fundamental criminal.
171/265 383.17-385.69 aaa 试图把自己放在上帝的位置，08-28 21:31:19-08-28 21:31:20Trying to put oneself in God's position,
172/265 385.99-387.37 hp 这就是西方文明的根源。08-28 21:31:21-08-28 21:31:23This is the root of Western civilization.
173/265 388.0-390.04 n 古典主义加上基督教传统，08-28 21:31:21-08-28 21:31:22Classicalism combined with Christian tradition,
174/265 390.4-391.42 aaa 但因为时间的关系，08-28 21:31:22-08-28 21:31:23But due to the time constraints,
175/265 391.82-394.16 n 当教犬皆由这种理由变得泛滥，08-28 21:31:23-08-28 21:31:25When all dog training is based on this reason,
176/265 394.65-398.73 n 或者继续演变成其他的黄拳手或者什么拳那么好，08-28 21:31:23-08-28 21:31:27Or continue to evolve into other types of martial artists or something, it's so good.
177/265 399.5-400.28 aaa 启蒙主义来了。08-28 21:31:24-08-28 21:31:25Enlightenment has arrived.
178/265 400.71-404.25 hp 启蒙主义就说要相信理性挑战传统权威，08-28 21:31:24-08-28 21:31:28Enlightenment thinkers advocated for challenging traditional authority through reason.
179/265 404.43-405.99 aaa 然后自由主义先发生很好，08-28 21:31:26-08-28 21:31:27Then liberalism started well,
180/265 406.62-408.84 n 那么首先要限制机体，08-28 21:31:26-08-28 21:31:28First, we need to limit the body.
181/265 409.2-410.28 aaa 让个人拥有权利。08-28 21:31:28-08-28 21:31:29Give people the right to be themselves.
182/265 410.71-411.85 de 接着保叔主义就喊听，08-28 21:31:28-08-28 21:32:12Then, the "Bohemianism" movement advocated for listening.
183/265 412.15-413.05 n 挑战传统可以，08-28 21:31:29-08-28 21:31:30Challenge the traditional,
184/265 413.38-417.16 n 但不要把社会这么复杂的东西简化成一张简简单单的白纸，08-28 21:31:30-08-28 21:31:32But don't simplify such complex social things into a simple piece of paper.
185/265 417.4-418.36 xss 不然代价非常大。08-28 21:31:30-08-28 21:31:56Otherwise, the cost will be very high.
186/265 418.92-420.18 hp 本质上就是启蒙主义，08-28 21:31:31-08-28 21:31:34In essence, it is enlightenment.
187/265 420.24-421.56 aaa 是更大范围的思想运动，08-28 21:31:32-08-28 21:31:33It is a broader ideological movement,
188/265 421.98-423.48 n 很多思想都换代了，08-28 21:31:32-08-28 21:31:35Many ideas have been replaced by new ones.
189/265 423.96-427.62 lx 西方文明的好几个核心领域都同时发生了范式换代。08-28 21:31:33-08-28 21:32:06Several core areas of Western civilization have undergone paradigm shifts simultaneously.
190/265 427.86-428.1 n 比如，08-28 21:31:33-08-28 21:31:35For example,
191/265 428.22-428.88 de 迪卡尔开始，08-28 21:31:34-08-28 21:31:58It started with Dicaar,
192/265 429.12-430.68 aaa 古典哲学进入了近代哲学。08-28 21:31:35-08-28 21:31:36Classical philosophy entered modern philosophy.
193/265 431.04-432.6 bg 从自由主义和保守主义开始，08-28 21:31:35-08-28 21:32:05Starting from liberalism and conservatism,
194/265 432.84-435.36 hp 古典政治思想也进入了现代政治思想，08-28 21:31:36-08-28 21:31:39Classical political thought has entered modern political thought.
195/265 435.66-436.62 n 科学也出现了。08-28 21:31:37-08-28 21:31:38Science has also emerged.
196/265 436.92-439.01 n 从自然哲学正式进入，08-28 21:31:37-08-28 21:31:39From formal natural philosophy,
197/265 439.13-440.09 aaa 成为了现代科学，08-28 21:31:38-08-28 21:31:39Became modern science,
198/265 440.45-443.51 lx 经济思想也产生了甚至历史都出现了进步主义。08-28 21:36:40-08-28 21:37:15Progressivism also emerged in economics and even history.
199/265 443.57-445.25 n 历史观迪卡尔很重要。08-28 21:31:39-08-28 21:31:41Descartes' historical view is important.
200/265 445.78-446.14 n 简单说，08-28 21:31:40-08-28 21:31:41Simply put,
201/265 446.5-452.42 aaa 迪卡尔其实是把古希腊的相信理性和基督教的相信灵魂、08-28 21:31:41-08-28 21:31:43Decartes actually combined the Greek belief in reason and the Christian belief in soul,
202/265 452.84-456.4 hp 上帝和内在自我揉成了一套新的哲学。08-28 21:31:41-08-28 21:31:45God and the inner self have become a new philosophy.
203/265 457.22-457.82 n 在古希腊，08-28 21:31:42-08-28 21:31:43In ancient Greece,
204/265 458.06-458.9 n 尤其柏拉图，08-28 21:31:43-08-28 21:31:44Especially Plato,
205/265 459.32-461.57 n 比较相信人的感官，08-28 21:31:44-08-28 21:31:45Trust more on human senses,
206/265 461.75-462.23 aaa 会骗人，08-28 21:31:44-08-28 21:31:45Deceive,
207/265 462.72-464.76 n 但理性可以帮你接近真理。08-28 21:31:45-08-28 21:31:47But reason can help you approach the truth.
208/265 465.18-465.78 n 你就想吧，08-28 21:31:46-08-28 21:31:47You mean,
209/265 465.96-466.62 hp 想就好了。08-28 21:31:46-08-28 21:31:49Just think about it.
210/265 467.12-468.44 aaa 迪卡尔继承了这一点，08-28 21:31:47-08-28 21:31:48Decar inherited this.
211/265 468.89-471.35 n 所以他才会怀疑眼睛、08-28 21:31:48-08-28 21:31:49Therefore, he would doubt his eyes.
212/265 472.04-472.28 n 耳朵、08-28 21:31:48-08-28 21:31:49Ears,
213/265 472.82-473.06 aaa 经验，08-28 21:31:49-08-28 21:31:49Experience,
214/265 473.89-476.89 hp 最后只相信那个确定的东西。08-28 21:31:50-08-28 21:31:52Only believe in the certain thing.
215/265 477.44-478.7 n 也就是说我在思考，08-28 21:31:50-08-28 21:31:52That's what I was thinking,
216/265 479.18-481.8 n 所以我存在我思故我在，08-28 21:31:51-08-28 21:31:53Therefore, I exist because I think.
217/265 482.43-483.21 aaa 这就很希腊，08-28 21:31:52-08-28 21:31:52This is very Greek.
218/265 483.73-485.05 n 但他也很基督教，08-28 21:31:53-08-28 21:31:54But he was also Christian.
219/265 485.55-488.07 hp 因为迪卡尔非常重视灵魂，08-28 21:31:53-08-28 21:31:57Because Dicaar highly values the soul,
220/265 488.67-490.19 aaa 内心自由意志。08-28 21:31:54-08-28 21:31:55Inner free will.
221/265 490.59-496.7 n 上帝基督教交给迪卡尔的事要往自己的灵魂里面去找真理。08-28 21:31:55-08-28 21:31:58The truth about God and Christianity should be sought within one's own soul.
222/265 497.07-500.25 n 所以迪卡尔把这两件事合在了一起，08-28 21:31:55-08-28 21:31:58Therefore, Dicar combined these two things together.
223/265 500.7-503.26 aaa 就变成了我先从自己出发，08-28 21:31:56-08-28 21:31:57It turned into me starting from myself.
224/265 503.97-506.85 xss 再用理性重新认识整个世界，08-28 21:31:57-08-28 21:32:33Re-understand the whole world with reason,
225/265 507.61-509.71 hp 这就是他真正重要的地方。08-28 21:31:58-08-28 21:32:01That's where he really matters.
226/265 510.35-517.97 aaa 以前古希腊人和基督徒都比较倾向于觉得人生活在一个比自己更大的秩序里面。08-28 21:31:58-08-28 21:32:02Previously, both ancient Greeks and Christians tended to believe that people lived within a larger order than themselves.
227/265 518.61-520.77 n 古希腊人认为有宇宙秩序、08-28 21:31:59-08-28 21:32:01The ancient Greeks believed in a cosmic order,
228/265 521.29-521.89 n 自然秩序。08-28 21:32:00-08-28 21:32:01Natural order.
229/265 522.4-523.06 de 基督徒认为，08-28 21:32:00-08-28 21:32:14Christians believe that,
230/265 523.24-524.86 n 有上帝创造的秩序，08-28 21:32:01-08-28 21:32:03There is an order created by God,
231/265 525.22-526.18 hp 到了迪卡尔开始，08-28 21:32:02-08-28 21:32:04Starting in Dakar,
232/265 526.65-528.33 n 人的位置开始变了，08-28 21:32:03-08-28 21:32:04People's positions have changed,
233/265 528.95-530.75 aaa 变成了我站在这里，08-28 21:32:03-08-28 21:32:04I stood here,
234/265 531.25-531.97 n 整个世界。08-28 21:32:05-08-28 21:32:06The whole world.
235/265 532.51-533.41 aaa 站在我的对面，08-28 21:32:05-08-28 21:32:06Standing opposite me,
236/265 534.05-534.71 hp 我观察它、08-28 21:32:06-08-28 21:32:08I observed it,
237/265 535.13-535.55 bg 分析它，08-28 21:32:07-08-28 21:32:22Analyze it,
238/265 536.03-536.57 lx 计算它、08-28 21:32:07-08-28 21:32:14Calculate it,
239/265 537.05-537.53 n 研究它，08-28 21:32:08-08-28 21:32:09Study it,
240/265 538.23-540.09 aaa 这就是现代人的感觉，08-28 21:32:09-08-28 21:32:10This is the feeling of modern people.
241/265 540.68-543.11 n 开始出现了这个变化非常重要。08-28 21:32:09-08-28 21:32:10This change is very important.
242/265 543.62-545.61 hp 因为你能看到再往后面发展，08-28 21:32:10-08-28 21:32:13Because you can see further ahead,
243/265 545.97-547.53 n 很容易就会发展出。08-28 21:32:11-08-28 21:32:12It will easily develop.
244/265 547.83-548.67 aaa 我怎么理解它，08-28 21:32:11-08-28 21:32:12How I understand it,
245/265 549.22-550.12 n 我怎么预测它，08-28 21:32:12-08-28 21:32:13How to predict it,
246/265 550.48-551.32 n 我怎么处理它，08-28 21:32:13-08-28 21:32:14How to handle it,
247/265 551.75-552.5 de 我怎么改变它，08-28 21:32:13-08-28 21:32:38How to change it,
248/265 552.86-553.759 aaa 我怎么控制它。08-28 21:32:14-08-28 21:32:15How to control it.
249/265 554.42-558.93 hp 迪卡尔把古希腊主义的理性装进了基督教传统的灵魂里，08-28 21:32:15-08-28 21:32:20Diocletian infused the rationality of ancient Greek philosophy into the soul of Christian tradition.
250/265 559.58-562.64 n 然后制造出的现代的自我。08-28 21:32:15-08-28 21:32:16Then create a modern self.
251/265 563.33-564.59 de 那么迪卡尔也要说一下，08-28 21:32:16-08-28 21:32:54Then Dicar also needs to say,
252/265 564.96-568.27 n 他除了为世界把理性主体放到了哲学中心，08-28 21:32:17-08-28 21:32:19He not only placed the rational subject at the center of philosophy for the world,
253/265 568.89-572.75 lx 还和波西米亚的伊丽莎白公主长期私信哲旋问题。08-28 21:32:17-08-28 21:33:06Also, she has been in long-term private messaging with Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia about the issue of philosophical questions.
254/265 573.1-574.12 aaa 他后来还写了本书，08-28 21:32:18-08-28 21:32:19He later wrote a book,
255/265 574.18-576.0 n 给他叫做灵魂的激情，08-28 21:32:19-08-28 21:32:20Give him the passion of his soul,
256/265 576.18-580.26 aaa 可最后却是倒在了瑞典女王克里斯提娜的斯特格尔摩宫殿里。08-28 21:32:20-08-28 21:32:22However, he eventually fell in the palace of Queen Christina of Sweden.
257/265 580.5-584.08 n 我们至少可以说迪卡尔他不只是个天才，08-28 21:32:20-08-28 21:32:23We can at least say that Dicar is not just a genius,
258/265 584.67-586.17 hp 而且还有该死的浪漫。08-28 21:32:21-08-28 21:32:24And there's also that damn romance.
259/265 586.72-588.1 n 由这样一个活生生的人，08-28 21:32:22-08-28 21:32:23By such a living person,
260/265 588.61-590.23 n 带着大家进入到现代，08-28 21:37:23-08-28 21:37:24Take everyone into the modern era.
261/265 590.65-597.28 aaa 成为现代意义的拥有自己感觉情感和思考的人是一件非常不错的事情。08-28 21:32:23-08-28 21:32:26It is a very good thing to become someone who has their own feelings, emotions and thoughts in the modern sense.
262/265 597.82-600.16 bg 下一期开始我们会进入二十世纪思想史，08-28 21:32:24-08-28 21:33:22In the next issue, we will enter the history of 20th-century thought.
263/265 600.46-602.5 n 因为二十世纪这一百年发生的变化，08-28 21:32:24-08-28 21:32:27Due to the changes that occurred in the 20th century,
264/265 602.74-605.29 n 比之前加起来还要打记得关注，08-28 21:32:25-08-28 21:32:27Remember to follow if you want more,
265/265 605.68-606.1 hp 谢谢大家。08-28 21:32:25-08-28 21:32:27Thank you everyone.