1/259 0.15-1.35 hp 公众眼中的马斯克，08-31 04:28:43-08-31 04:28:46Public perception of Musk,
2/259 1.71-4.23 de 是一位极具创新能力的技术企业家，08-31 04:28:44-08-31 04:29:09A highly innovative technology entrepreneur,
3/259 4.53-5.31 hp 制造电动车、08-31 04:28:46-08-31 04:28:49Manufacturing electric vehicles,
4/259 5.73-6.39 n 发射火箭，08-31 04:33:48-08-31 04:33:49Launch a rocket,
5/259 6.81-7.83 jd 推进人工智能，08-31 04:28:48-08-31 04:28:49Promote artificial intelligence,
6/259 8.189-10.29 xss 甚至试图开创人类未来的人。08-31 04:28:49-08-31 04:30:37Even trying to create the future of humanity.
7/259 10.77-15.93 hp 但马斯克到底是一个什么样的人我个人认为他有巨大的缺陷，08-31 04:28:50-08-31 04:28:54But what kind of person is Musk? I personally think he has huge flaws.
8/259 16.53-20.37 jd 而这个缺陷恰恰被未来开创者的光环遮住了。08-31 04:28:50-08-31 04:28:52And this flaw was precisely obscured by the halo of future pioneers.
9/259 21.03-24.93 de 经济学人最近围绕马斯克做了一组颇有意味的内容，08-31 04:28:51-08-31 04:29:27The Economist has recently published a series of interesting articles about Musk.
10/259 25.47-27.03 n 一面是马斯克的未来愿景，08-31 04:28:52-08-31 04:28:53One is Musk's vision of the future,
11/259 27.57-29.25 bg 一面却是我们是否该害怕。08-31 04:28:52-08-31 04:29:34However, this also raises the question of whether we should be afraid.
12/259 29.43-31.3 lx 马斯克还有一篇文章，08-31 04:28:53-08-31 04:29:30There is another article by Musk.
13/259 31.54-34.54 n 把他的企业帝国放进公司立维坦时代，08-31 04:28:54-08-31 04:28:56Place his corporate empire into the company's Leviathan era,
14/259 35.02-37.12 jd 这种反差揭开了问题的核心。08-31 04:28:55-08-31 04:28:56This contrast reveals the core of the problem.
15/259 37.54-40.06 aaa 当一个人被当做开创未来的天才时，08-31 04:28:55-08-31 04:28:57When someone is regarded as a genius who will shape the future,
16/259 40.48-50.56 n 我们会不会因此忘记追问他究竟在替谁决定未来北府世界这一期就来看一位诺贝尔经济学奖得主如何刺破这层面纱。08-31 04:28:56-08-31 04:29:03We will not forget to ask him what he is deciding for. In this issue, we'll see how a Nobel laureate in economics pierced through this layer of mystery.
17/259 51.28-52.72 hp 二零二五年一月十四日，08-31 04:28:57-08-31 04:29:00January 14, 2025
18/259 53.08-60.29 n 法国文化电台 f culture 采访诺贝尔经济学奖得主约瑟夫斯蒂格利茨斯蒂格。08-31 04:28:58-08-31 04:29:01French Culture Radio interviews Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz.
19/259 60.35-65.09 jd 利兹是研究信息不对称的美国经济学家哥伦比亚大学教授。08-31 04:28:58-08-31 04:29:01Lee is a professor at Columbia University, specializing in information asymmetry.
20/259 65.68-66.16 aaa 他谈到，08-31 04:28:59-08-31 04:29:00He mentioned,
21/259 66.28-69.29 aaa 马斯克时给出的不是一般性的道德批评，08-31 04:29:00-08-31 04:29:02Musk has not given general moral criticism,
22/259 69.77-74.72 hp 而是依套关于科技寡头自由民主与资本主义的严厉诊断。08-31 04:29:01-08-31 04:29:06Instead, it offers a stern diagnosis of technological oligarchy, free democracy and capitalism.
23/259 75.25-75.79 jd 他甚至说，08-31 04:29:02-08-31 04:29:03He even said,
24/259 76.35-80.21 n 马斯克是在一个新纳粹环境中长大的这句话，08-31 04:29:03-08-31 04:29:04Musk grew up in a Nazi environment.
25/259 80.51-81.65 aaa 为什么如此尖锐？08-31 04:29:03-08-31 04:29:04Why is it so sharp?
26/259 82.23-84.99 jd 马斯克成长于种族隔离时期的南非，08-31 04:29:04-08-31 04:29:07Mas was born in South Africa during the apartheid era.
27/259 85.59-86.31 n 他的外祖父、08-31 04:29:05-08-31 04:29:06His stepfather,
28/259 86.67-87.03 n 约书亚、08-31 04:29:06-08-31 04:29:06Joshua,
29/259 87.54-90.53 aaa 霍尔德曼曾参与加拿大的 techniccy 运动，08-31 04:29:06-08-31 04:29:08Holdman participated in the Canadian hockey league.
30/259 90.95-91.91 n 后来迁居南非，08-31 04:29:07-08-31 04:29:08Later moved to South Africa.
31/259 92.42-96.63 hp 留下国为种族隔离辩护并夹杂反右阴谋论的政治文本。08-31 04:29:08-08-31 04:29:12Political texts that defend apartheid and mix in anti-communist conspiracy theories.
32/259 97.27-98.96 n techncy 所相信的是，08-31 04:29:08-08-31 04:29:10The belief of techncy is that,
33/259 99.26-102.56 jd 复杂社会应当由工程师和技术专家来管理，08-31 04:29:09-08-31 04:29:11A complex society should be managed by engineers and technical experts.
34/259 103.01-105.11 aaa 而不是由普通公民共同决定。08-31 04:29:10-08-31 04:29:12Not decided by ordinary citizens, but rather by a group of experts.
35/259 105.8-108.08 n 种族隔离与这种技术统治想象，08-31 04:29:10-08-31 04:29:12Racial segregation and this technological dominance imagination,
36/259 108.6-109.92 de 看似一个关乎种族，08-31 04:29:11-08-31 04:29:35Apparently, this is about race.
37/259 110.34-111.83 n 一个关乎技术深层，08-31 04:29:12-08-31 04:29:13A topic related to deep technology,
38/259 112.01-112.97 jd 却有共同的前提。08-31 04:29:12-08-31 04:29:14However, there is a common premise.
39/259 113.55-116.25 aaa 少数人相信自己更有资格分配资源，08-31 04:29:13-08-31 04:29:15Some people believe that they are more qualified to allocate resources.
40/259 116.55-117.09 n 安排秩序，08-31 04:29:14-08-31 04:29:14Arrange order,
41/259 117.46-118.42 hp 决定别人的生活。08-31 04:29:14-08-31 04:29:17Decide other people's lives.
42/259 119.12-121.85 n 斯蒂格利茨看见的正是这种前提。08-31 04:29:15-08-31 04:29:16Stiglitz saw this premise.
43/259 122.15-123.53 jd 在今天换了一种外衣，08-31 04:29:16-08-31 04:29:17Today, I changed my appearance.
44/259 124.19-128.14 n 马斯克的巨大缺陷不在于他只是一个脾气激烈的富豪，08-31 04:29:16-08-31 04:29:20Musk's biggest flaw isn't just that he's a temperamental billionaire,
45/259 128.5-131.68 aaa 而在于他把自由理解为强者摆脱约束的能力。08-31 04:29:17-08-31 04:29:20The key is that he understands freedom as the ability of those who are strong to be free from constraints.
46/259 132.25-133.03 n 在他的世界里，08-31 04:29:18-08-31 04:29:19In his world,
47/259 133.56-134.82 jd 平台可以重写规则，08-31 04:29:18-08-31 04:29:20The platform can rewrite the rules.
48/259 135.28-136.72 hp 尽管可以被视为阻碍。08-31 04:29:19-08-31 04:29:22Although it can be seen as an obstacle.
49/259 137.15-137.75 de 公共讨论，08-31 04:34:21-08-31 04:34:28Public discussion,
50/259 137.93-139.07 n 可以由算法排序，08-31 04:29:20-08-31 04:29:22Can be sorted by algorithm.
51/259 139.68-142.74 jd 复杂社会可以像一家公司那样被迅速改造。08-31 04:29:21-08-31 04:29:23A complex society can be quickly transformed like a company.
52/259 143.38-143.62 n 于是，08-31 04:29:22-08-31 04:29:22So,
53/259 144.02-144.5 aaa 个人意志、08-31 04:29:22-08-31 04:29:23Personal will,
54/259 145.0-145.24 n 技术、08-31 04:29:23-08-31 04:29:23Technology,
55/259 145.36-147.68 hp 效率和巨额资本开始融合，08-31 04:29:24-08-31 04:29:27Efficiency and massive capital are beginning to merge,
56/259 147.8-149.3 n 为一种新的统治逻辑。08-31 04:29:24-08-31 04:29:25A new ruling logic.
57/259 149.88-155.16 jd 斯蒂格利茨把马斯克与其他科技巨头放进科技寡头的框架。08-31 04:29:25-08-31 04:29:27Stiglitz put Musk in the framework of tech oligarchs.
58/259 155.82-156.48 aaa 所谓寡头，08-31 04:29:26-08-31 04:29:27The term "oligarch",
59/259 156.94-157.78 n 并不只是有钱，08-31 04:29:26-08-31 04:29:28It's not just about having money,
60/259 158.3-158.9 n 而是财富，08-31 04:29:27-08-31 04:29:28Instead, wealth.
61/259 159.08-161.0 hp 已经能够兑换成政治影响力、08-31 04:29:28-08-31 04:29:30Can be converted into political influence,
62/259 161.47-163.389 aaa 公共规则和信息控制力。08-31 04:29:28-08-31 04:29:29Public rules and information control.
63/259 164.03-165.41 de 一个人不只拥有公司，08-31 04:29:29-08-31 04:29:58A person doesn't just own a company,
64/259 165.71-167.39 jd 还能影响国家的政策方向，08-31 04:29:30-08-31 04:29:31can also influence the direction of national policy.
65/259 167.92-169.18 n 不止拥有用户数据，08-31 04:29:30-08-31 04:29:32Not only do we have user data,
66/259 169.56-171.12 n 还能影响公众看见什么、08-31 04:29:31-08-31 04:29:32What the public can see,
67/259 171.5-172.04 aaa 相信什么、08-31 04:29:32-08-31 04:29:32Believe in,
68/259 172.34-172.94 lx 害怕什么。08-31 04:29:32-08-31 04:30:01What are you afraid of?
69/259 173.48-174.26 hp 到了这个程度，08-31 04:29:33-08-31 04:29:35At this point,
70/259 174.74-177.08 jd 企业权利已经越过了普通经营的边界，08-31 04:29:34-08-31 04:29:36The rights of a company have exceeded the boundaries of ordinary business.
71/259 177.49-179.29 n 开始塑造整个社会的现实。08-31 04:29:34-08-31 04:29:37Begin to shape the reality of society as a whole.
72/259 180.05-180.23 aaa 因此，08-31 04:29:35-08-31 04:29:35Therefore,
73/259 180.83-183.95 n 斯蒂格利茨提出狼的自由和羊的自由，08-31 04:29:36-08-31 04:29:38Stiglitz proposed the freedom of wolves and the freedom of sheep.
74/259 184.55-186.05 bg 狼当然可以自由行动，08-31 04:29:36-08-31 04:30:04Wolves can certainly move freely,
75/259 186.41-187.67 de 羊也可以自由行动。08-31 04:29:37-08-31 04:30:00Sheep can also move freely.
76/259 188.03-190.37 hp 但如果规则只保护狼的行动能力，08-31 04:29:38-08-31 04:29:42But if the rules only protect the wolves' ability to act,
77/259 190.73-193.25 aaa 羊得到的就只是承担后果的自由。08-31 04:29:38-08-31 04:29:40The sheep only has the freedom to bear the consequences.
78/259 193.91-195.83 jd 科技寡头要求的去监管自由，08-31 04:29:39-08-31 04:29:40Tech giants' demand for deregulation,
79/259 196.37-198.11 n 听上去是在维护自己的权利，08-31 04:29:40-08-31 04:29:41It sounds like you're defending your rights.
80/259 198.53-201.05 n 实际往往是在争取把成本转给别人。08-31 04:34:41-08-31 04:34:43In reality, the goal is often to shift costs onto others.
81/259 201.47-202.37 n 企业得到利润，08-31 04:29:41-08-31 04:29:42Businesses make profits,
82/259 202.73-205.13 aaa 公众承担污染平台得到流量，08-31 04:29:42-08-31 04:29:43Public platforms are gaining traffic,
83/259 205.55-208.67 jd 公众承担谣言和撕裂系统得到效率，08-31 04:29:42-08-31 04:29:45The public bears the responsibility for spreading rumors and disrupting the efficiency of the system.
84/259 209.15-210.48 n 普通人承担失业、08-31 04:29:43-08-31 04:29:44An ordinary person faces unemployment,
85/259 211.02-212.88 hp 歧视和无法申诉的风险，08-31 04:29:44-08-31 04:29:47Risk of discrimination and lack of appeal,
86/259 213.48-214.92 n 这正是问题的起点。08-31 04:29:44-08-31 04:29:46This is where the problem begins.
87/259 215.64-218.04 aaa 真正的自由不是最有资源的人，08-31 04:29:45-08-31 04:29:47True freedom is not the one with the most resources,
88/259 218.16-219.78 n 可以无限扩张自己的选择，08-31 04:29:46-08-31 04:29:47Can expand your choices infinitely,
89/259 220.14-222.78 jd 而是普通人也能够获得可靠的信息，08-31 04:29:46-08-31 04:29:48Instead, ordinary people can obtain reliable information.
90/259 223.08-223.74 n 稳定的工作，08-31 04:29:47-08-31 04:29:48Stable job,
91/259 224.16-227.04 n 提出意义的空间和免受任意摆步的权利。08-31 04:29:48-08-31 04:29:50The right to freedom of expression and the right not to be arbitrarily detained.
92/259 227.64-228.72 hp 如果一个人的自由，08-31 04:29:48-08-31 04:29:51If a person's freedom,
93/259 228.96-231.06 aaa 只靠把代价推给更多人来实现，08-31 04:29:49-08-31 04:29:51Only by pushing the cost onto more people,
94/259 231.54-234.24 n 他从一开始就不是公共意义上的自由。08-31 04:29:50-08-31 04:29:53He was never a free person in the sense of public freedom.
95/259 234.84-237.6 jd 斯蒂格利茨批判的不是财富本身，08-31 04:29:50-08-31 04:29:52Stiglitz criticized not the wealth itself,
96/259 238.14-241.15 n 而是财富界自由之摆脱责任的方式。08-31 04:29:51-08-31 04:29:54It is a way to free oneself from the responsibilities of wealth.
97/259 241.75-244.93 aaa 他的经济学研究让这种批判更有力量。08-31 04:29:52-08-31 04:29:53His economic research has made this criticism more powerful.
98/259 245.63-250.43 hp 信息不对称意味着市场上的双方从来不是站在同一位置，08-31 04:29:52-08-31 04:29:57Information asymmetry means that the two parties in the market are never on equal footing.
99/259 251.0-252.26 jd 谁掌握更多信息，08-31 04:29:53-08-31 04:29:54Who has more information?
100/259 252.77-255.53 n 谁就能把自己的选择变成别人的处境。08-31 04:29:54-08-31 04:29:57Who can turn their own choices into other people's circumstances.
101/259 256.27-260.57 aaa 普通用户不知道算法怎样判断自己不知道数据怎样被使用，08-31 04:29:54-08-31 04:29:57Ordinary users are unaware of how algorithms determine whether they don't know the data and how it is used.
102/259 260.96-264.38 n 也不知道以次系统改动会如何影响自己的工作、08-31 04:29:55-08-31 04:29:58I don't know how the system change will affect my work.
103/259 264.83-269.71 jd 注意力和公共生活平台和他的所有者却拥有全部这些信息。08-31 04:29:56-08-31 04:29:58Attention and public life platforms and their owners have all of this information.
104/259 270.41-271.73 n 所谓用户自愿同意，08-31 04:29:57-08-31 04:29:59The term "user consent" refers to...
105/259 272.18-273.92 hp 在这样巨大的信息差面前，08-31 04:29:58-08-31 04:30:01In the face of such a huge information gap,
106/259 274.57-278.23 aaa 往往只是强者设定好规则之后留下的一次点击。08-31 04:29:59-08-31 04:30:01It's often just a click left over after the strong have set their rules.
107/259 278.92-279.64 jd 更危险的是，08-31 04:29:59-08-31 04:30:00More dangerously,
108/259 280.1-281.6 n 市场不会自动修复。08-31 04:30:00-08-31 04:30:01The market will not self-correct.
109/259 281.72-282.44 de 这种不平等，08-31 04:30:01-08-31 04:30:23This inequality,
110/259 283.1-285.68 n 斯蒂格利茨反驳过一种流行信念，08-31 04:30:01-08-31 04:30:03Stiglitz refuted a popular belief,
111/259 286.23-287.55 jd 只要国家少管一点，08-31 04:30:02-08-31 04:30:04If the government could just relax a little,
112/259 288.05-289.55 de 市场就会自然竞争，08-31 04:30:03-08-31 04:30:35The market will naturally compete.
113/259 290.08-292.48 lx 经济自由就会自动带来政治自由。08-31 04:30:03-08-31 04:30:33Economic freedom will automatically bring political freedom.
114/259 293.01-294.63 n 但现实恰恰相反，08-31 04:30:04-08-31 04:30:05But the reality is just opposite.
115/259 295.42-297.22 hp 信息优势会变成资本优势，08-31 04:30:05-08-31 04:30:08Information advantage can turn into capital advantage.
116/259 297.65-299.27 aaa 资本优势会压制竞争，08-31 04:30:05-08-31 04:30:06Capital advantage will suppress competition.
117/259 299.86-300.76 n 垄断形成之后，08-31 04:30:06-08-31 04:30:07After the monopoly is formed,
118/259 300.94-302.68 bg 又能继续搜集更多数据，08-31 04:30:07-08-31 04:30:32Gather more data,
119/259 302.98-303.88 jd 获得更多用户，08-31 04:30:07-08-31 04:30:09Get more users,
120/259 304.28-305.66 n 购买更多基础设施。08-31 04:30:08-08-31 04:30:09Buy more infrastructure.
121/259 306.35-307.37 aaa 资本不断集中，08-31 04:30:09-08-31 04:30:10Capital is constantly concentrated.
122/259 307.84-309.28 n 权力也跟着不断集中。08-31 04:30:09-08-31 04:30:11Power also continues to concentrate.
123/259 309.73-311.95 hp 强者获得的不是一次性的成功，08-31 04:30:10-08-31 04:30:13Strength is not achieved through a single success,
124/259 312.49-315.55 jd 而是能够持续制造下一次成功的制度位置。08-31 04:30:11-08-31 04:30:13Instead, it can continuously create the position of success in the next round.
125/259 316.18-317.02 n 到了数字时代，08-31 04:30:11-08-31 04:30:12In the digital age,
126/259 317.5-319.42 aaa 这种集中不再只控制商品，08-31 04:30:12-08-31 04:30:14This concentration is no longer just about controlling goods.
127/259 319.85-321.859 n 也控制人们认识世界的条件。08-31 04:30:13-08-31 04:30:16Also control the conditions under which people perceive and understand the world.
128/259 322.55-325.07 n 洛克菲勒时代的垄断企业控制石油、08-31 04:30:13-08-31 04:30:16Rockefeller Era Monopolistic Enterprises Control Oil,
129/259 325.53-326.31 jd 铁路和商品。08-31 04:30:14-08-31 04:30:15Railways and goods.
130/259 326.8-329.02 hp 而平台巨头控制的是信息系统，08-31 04:30:15-08-31 04:30:18And the platform giants control information systems.
131/259 329.53-330.79 aaa 控制的是人们的知识、08-31 04:30:15-08-31 04:30:17Control of people's knowledge,
132/259 331.24-331.48 jd 信念、08-31 04:30:16-08-31 04:30:17Belief,
133/259 331.92-333.839 n 叙事和对社会现实的理解。08-31 04:30:17-08-31 04:30:19Narrative and understanding of social reality.
134/259 334.45-335.53 n 他们不止卖产品，08-31 04:30:17-08-31 04:30:19They don't just sell products,
135/259 335.98-337.06 aaa 还参与决定什么、08-31 04:30:18-08-31 04:30:19Participate in deciding what,
136/259 337.18-338.14 jd 被看见什么、08-31 04:30:19-08-31 04:30:20What was seen,
137/259 338.2-338.68 hp 被淹没，08-31 04:30:19-08-31 04:30:21Submerged,
138/259 339.05-340.4 n 什么被包装成常识。08-31 04:30:20-08-31 04:30:22What has been packaged as common sense.
139/259 341.13-344.91 n 斯蒂格利茨把这种现象称为宣传的私有化。08-31 04:30:21-08-31 04:30:23Stiglitz called this phenomenon the privatization of propaganda.
140/259 345.61-345.85 aaa 过去，08-31 04:30:21-08-31 04:30:22In the past,
141/259 346.31-349.07 jd 人们警惕国家用宣传机器塑造舆论。08-31 04:30:22-08-31 04:30:24People are wary of the state using propaganda machines to shape public opinion.
142/259 349.42-352.24 hp 现在私人平台可以依靠算法推荐、08-31 04:30:23-08-31 04:30:26Currently, private platforms can rely on algorithm recommendations,
143/259 352.78-356.77 aaa 热搜和个性化分发完成同样甚至更清晰的事情。08-31 04:30:24-08-31 04:30:26Trending topics and personalized distribution achieve the same or even clearer results.
144/259 357.35-359.75 n 他不必告诉所有人同一个谎言。08-31 04:30:24-08-31 04:30:26He doesn't need to tell everyone the same lie.
145/259 360.35-363.23 de 他只要让不同的人反复看到不同的敌人，08-31 04:30:25-08-31 04:30:51He just wants people to see different enemies repeatedly.
146/259 363.59-364.19 n 不同的恐惧、08-31 04:30:26-08-31 04:30:27Different fears,
147/259 364.55-365.39 jd 不同的伪问题，08-31 04:30:26-08-31 04:30:27Different false questions,
148/259 366.0-368.94 aaa 公共社会就会失去共同判断现实的能力。08-31 04:30:27-08-31 04:30:29The public sphere will lose its ability to collectively judge reality.
149/259 369.5-373.7 hp 这就是经济学人那组标题真正值得我们注意的地方。08-31 04:30:28-08-31 04:30:32That's what makes the headlines from The Economist truly worth paying attention to.
150/259 374.38-376.84 n 一个人当然可以拥有宏大的未来愿景，08-31 04:30:28-08-31 04:30:31A person can certainly have a grand vision of the future,
151/259 377.26-379.54 n 也可以在工程和商业上不断创新。08-31 04:30:29-08-31 04:30:31Can also continuously innovate in engineering and business.
152/259 379.98-381.96 jd 但当他的公司成长为利维坦，08-31 04:30:30-08-31 04:30:32But when his company grew into a behemoth,
153/259 382.47-385.05 aaa 当正常的公司治理规则都难以约束。08-31 04:30:30-08-31 04:30:32When normal corporate governance rules are difficult to enforce.
154/259 385.11-385.35 n 他时，08-31 04:30:32-08-31 04:30:33At that time,
155/259 385.86-388.62 n 公众就不该只把他看作天才创业者、08-31 04:30:33-08-31 04:30:35The public should not only see him as a genius entrepreneur,
156/259 389.41-390.31 bg 创新者的光环，08-31 04:30:33-08-31 04:30:58The halo of innovators,
157/259 390.88-393.52 jd 不能成为权力免于质问的豁免症。08-31 04:30:34-08-31 04:30:35Cannot be an exemption from questioning.
158/259 394.08-397.08 aaa 这也是马斯克是权力最令人不安的地方，08-31 04:30:35-08-31 04:30:37This is also one of the most unsettling aspects of Musk's power,
159/259 397.64-399.499 hp 他并不只是拥有言论自由，08-31 04:30:35-08-31 04:30:38He not only has freedom of speech,
160/259 399.99-402.63 n 而是拥有改变他人言论环境的权利。08-31 04:30:36-08-31 04:30:39Instead, they have the right to change others' speech environment.
161/259 403.26-406.22 lx 真正的言论自由是每个公民能够表达，08-31 04:30:37-08-31 04:31:03True freedom of speech is the ability of every citizen to express themselves.
162/259 406.78-408.04 n 能够获得可靠信息，08-31 04:30:38-08-31 04:30:39To obtain reliable information,
163/259 408.47-409.91 de 能够被不同意见挑战。08-31 04:30:38-08-31 04:31:03Can be challenged by different opinions.
164/259 410.32-411.88 jd 他不是一个平台所有者，08-31 04:30:39-08-31 04:30:40He is not a platform owner.
165/259 412.12-415.59 aaa 可以随意改变规则推荐和处罚边界的自由，08-31 04:30:40-08-31 04:30:42The freedom to arbitrarily change the rules, recommendations and penalties.
166/259 416.24-418.1 xss 所有人都可以在平台上讲话。08-31 04:30:40-08-31 04:32:12Everyone can speak on the platform.
167/259 418.65-419.61 hp 但若只有一个人，08-31 04:30:41-08-31 04:30:44But if there is only one person,
168/259 419.79-421.77 n 能够决定谁被推向中心，08-31 04:30:42-08-31 04:30:43Who can be pushed to the center.
169/259 422.18-423.08 n 谁被压到边缘，08-31 04:30:42-08-31 04:30:44Who is being pushed to the edge?
170/259 423.54-427.48 jd 那么形式上的自由已经变成少数人支配可见性的自由。08-31 04:30:43-08-31 04:30:45Then, formal freedom has become the freedom of a few to dominate visibility.
171/259 428.12-431.52 aaa 当财富平台与基础设施集中到一起，08-31 04:30:44-08-31 04:30:45When wealth platforms and infrastructure are combined,
172/259 432.17-435.05 jd 经济权利就会自然向政治权力蔓延。08-31 04:35:45-08-31 04:35:46Economic rights will naturally extend to political power.
173/259 435.79-437.89 n 一家企业不必只在市场里竞争，08-31 04:30:45-08-31 04:30:47A company doesn't have to compete only in the market.
174/259 438.35-439.52 hp 他还能影响制度，08-31 04:30:46-08-31 04:30:48He can influence the system.
175/259 439.64-440.77 n 怎样些监管，08-31 04:30:46-08-31 04:30:47How to regulate,
176/259 440.89-444.45 aaa 怎样执行公众该把什么当成最重要的问题。08-31 04:30:47-08-31 04:30:49How to make the public prioritize what is most important.
177/259 445.12-446.26 jd 斯蒂格里茨说，08-31 04:30:48-08-31 04:30:49Schneiderman said,
178/259 446.74-449.56 n 资本不受边际的增长会带来权力集中，08-31 04:30:48-08-31 04:30:51Capital without marginal growth will lead to power concentration.
179/259 450.03-450.99 n 权力一旦集中，08-31 04:30:49-08-31 04:30:51Once power is concentrated,
180/259 451.35-453.15 hp 就会被用来争取更多权利。08-31 04:30:50-08-31 04:30:53This will be used to fight for more rights.
181/259 453.75-453.99 jd 于是，08-31 04:30:50-08-31 04:30:51So,
182/259 454.44-455.04 aaa 经济垄断、08-31 04:30:51-08-31 04:30:52Economic monopoly,
183/259 455.5-458.56 n 信息垄断和政治影响力不再是三个问题，08-31 04:30:52-08-31 04:30:54Information monopoly and political influence are no longer three separate issues,
184/259 458.95-460.12 n 而成为同一个循环。08-31 04:30:52-08-31 04:30:54And become a single loop.
185/259 460.72-462.88 jd 这就是他所说的一人一票划。08-31 04:30:53-08-31 04:30:55That's what he said about one person, one vote.
186/259 462.94-463.9 de 像一美元一票，08-31 04:30:54-08-31 04:31:13Like a dollar ticket,
187/259 464.58-466.98 aaa 马斯克的财富不是静止的数字，08-31 04:30:54-08-31 04:30:56Musk's wealth is not a static number.
188/259 467.56-469.06 hp 他可以购买传播能力、08-31 04:30:55-08-31 04:30:58He can buy the ability to spread,
189/259 469.48-470.08 n 影响政策、08-31 04:30:56-08-31 04:30:56Influence policy,
190/259 470.62-471.16 n 塑造话题，08-31 04:30:56-08-31 04:30:57Topic creation,
191/259 471.67-472.93 jd 也能让私人偏好，08-31 04:30:57-08-31 04:30:58also allows for personal preferences,
192/259 473.29-474.67 aaa 迅速获得公共后果。08-31 04:30:58-08-31 04:30:59Quickly obtain public consequences.
193/259 475.43-477.83 n 民主制度仍然可能保留投票程序，08-31 04:30:58-08-31 04:31:01Democratic systems can still retain voting procedures,
194/259 478.34-482.18 n 但如果财富能够无限兑换为注意力规则和政治影响，08-31 04:30:59-08-31 04:31:02However, if wealth can be infinitely converted into attention rules and political influence,
195/259 482.69-485.39 hp 投票本身就会逐渐失去原来的重量。08-31 04:31:00-08-31 04:31:03The act of voting itself will gradually lose its original significance.
196/259 486.05-487.37 jd 科技寡头反感民主，08-31 04:31:00-08-31 04:31:01Tech tycoons dislike democracy,
197/259 487.87-489.31 bg 不是因为民主不够聪明，08-31 04:31:01-08-31 04:31:36It's not because democracy is not smart enough,
198/259 489.7-493.76 aaa 而是因为民主会要求他们解释会给他们的权利设定边界，08-31 04:31:02-08-31 04:31:04Instead, democracy requires them to explain how they will set boundaries for their rights.
199/259 494.11-496.03 n 会说你不能为所欲为。08-31 04:31:02-08-31 04:31:04You can't do whatever you want.
200/259 496.78-497.86 jd 访谈接近结尾时，08-31 04:31:03-08-31 04:31:04As the interview neared its end,
201/259 498.4-499.96 n 主持人吻斯迪格里茨，08-31 04:31:04-08-31 04:31:05Host, kiss Stigritz
202/259 500.48-503.32 de 马斯克是不是亨利福特的二点零版本？08-31 04:31:04-08-31 04:31:35Is Musk a 2.0 version of Henry Ford?
203/259 503.99-507.04 lx 斯蒂格利茨回答是而且更糟，08-31 04:31:05-08-31 04:31:47Stiglitz replied that it was worse, and even worse.
204/259 507.81-511.05 hp 因为福特从未拥有马斯克今天已经拥有的权利、08-31 04:31:06-08-31 04:31:09Because Ford never owned the rights that Musk has today,
205/259 511.55-513.17 n 财富和全球影响能力。08-31 04:31:06-08-31 04:31:07Wealth and global influence.
206/259 513.95-515.87 jd 福特能够控制工厂和工人。08-31 04:31:07-08-31 04:31:09Ford can control the factory and the workers.
207/259 516.37-519.67 aaa 马斯克市的科技寡头可以同时影响信息流、08-31 04:31:08-08-31 04:31:10Tech moguls in Musk City can simultaneously influence the information flow,
208/259 520.06-520.66 n 卫星网络、08-31 04:31:08-08-31 04:31:09Satellite network,
209/259 521.11-523.33 n 人工智能基础设施和政治，08-31 04:31:09-08-31 04:31:10Artificial intelligence infrastructure and politics,
210/259 524.01-526.17 jd 就工业资本压榨的诗人的劳动。08-31 04:31:10-08-31 04:31:11About the exploitation of poets by industrial capital.
211/259 526.64-527.66 n 新的科技资本，08-31 04:31:10-08-31 04:31:11New technology capital,
212/259 527.96-530.66 hp 还可能塑造人理解自己处境的方式。08-31 04:31:11-08-31 04:31:15It can also shape how people understand their own situation.
213/259 531.29-532.61 aaa 到了人工智能时代，08-31 04:31:12-08-31 04:31:13In the age of artificial intelligence,
214/259 533.14-534.82 n 这种危险会进一步加深。08-31 04:31:12-08-31 04:31:14This danger will further intensify.
215/259 535.58-535.76 n 过去，08-31 04:31:13-08-31 04:31:14In the past,
216/259 536.37-538.41 jd 平台主要决定信息如何分发，08-31 04:31:14-08-31 04:31:15The platform primarily determines how information is distributed.
217/259 538.9-542.25 aaa 今天模型开始替人总结信息回答问题，08-31 04:31:14-08-31 04:31:17Today, the model started to summarize information and answer questions on behalf of people.
218/259 542.73-544.61 de 起草文件筛选候选人，08-31 04:31:15-08-31 04:31:36Drafting documents to screen candidates,
219/259 544.97-547.86 n 甚至参与机构决策模型依赖数据、08-31 04:31:16-08-31 04:31:18Even participate in the decision-making models of institutions, relying on data.
220/259 548.25-548.49 n 新片、08-31 04:31:17-08-31 04:31:18New film,
221/259 548.95-549.43 hp 云计算、08-31 04:31:17-08-31 04:31:19Cloud computing,
222/259 549.9-551.46 jd 电力和分发入口。08-31 04:31:18-08-31 04:31:19Power and distribution entrance.
223/259 551.98-553.18 aaa 谁控制这些节点，08-31 04:31:19-08-31 04:31:20Who controls these nodes?
224/259 553.63-556.03 n 谁就能决定哪些机构鲜活的能力。08-31 04:31:19-08-31 04:31:22Who can determine the vitality of an organization.
225/259 556.33-557.89 n 哪些劳动最先被替代，08-31 04:31:20-08-31 04:31:22Which jobs were replaced first?
226/259 558.19-559.57 jd 哪些判断被自动化。08-31 04:31:21-08-31 04:31:22Which are automated?
227/259 560.25-560.79 hp 所谓技术，08-31 04:31:21-08-31 04:31:24Speaking of technology,
228/259 560.91-564.72 aaa 中底常常只是把权力选择藏在技术语言后面。08-31 04:31:22-08-31 04:31:24Often, the bottom just hides power choices behind technical language.
229/259 565.4-568.1 n 人工智能还让一个人的行动拥有过去，08-31 04:31:23-08-31 04:31:25Artificial intelligence has made a person's actions have the past.
230/259 568.34-570.8 jd 只有大型组织才可能拥有的规模。08-31 04:31:24-08-31 04:31:25Only large organizations can afford it.
231/259 571.5-575.23 n 一项产品决定一套推荐规则或一次模型部署，08-31 04:31:24-08-31 04:31:27A product decision determines a set of recommendation rules or a single model deployment.
232/259 575.72-577.88 hp 可能同时影响数百万人的工作、08-31 04:31:25-08-31 04:31:29May affect the work of millions of people at the same time,
233/259 578.28-578.52 aaa 信念、08-31 04:31:26-08-31 04:31:27Beliefs,
234/259 578.94-579.66 aaa 信用和机会，08-31 04:36:28-08-31 04:36:29Credit and opportunity,
235/259 580.09-580.99 jd 做出决定的人，08-31 04:31:27-08-31 04:31:29The decision-maker,
236/259 581.23-583.27 n 却仍可以把它称为私人经营。08-31 04:31:28-08-31 04:31:31However, it can still be called private enterprise.
237/259 583.89-589.57 n 这里出现了最危险的责任错配行动已经具有组织级甚至国家级的后果，08-31 04:31:29-08-31 04:31:32The most dangerous responsibility misalignment has occurred, with consequences that extend to organizational and even national levels.
238/259 589.87-590.05 aaa 监督、08-31 04:31:30-08-31 04:31:30Supervise,
239/259 590.69-594.29 jd 解释和赔偿却仍停留在一个人或一家公司内部。08-31 04:31:30-08-31 04:31:32Explanation and compensation remain within a single person or company.
240/259 594.93-597.09 hp 斯蒂格利茨对马斯克的批判，08-31 04:31:31-08-31 04:31:34Stiglitz's criticism of Musk,
241/259 597.56-599.96 aaa 最终不是说某个富豪不够善良，08-31 04:31:32-08-31 04:31:34Ultimately, it's not about whether a wealthy person is kind or not.
242/259 600.56-602.6 n 他所接示的是一条连续的链条，08-31 04:31:32-08-31 04:31:34He is referring to a continuous chain.
243/259 603.24-606.29 jd 不受约束的资本集中为权利数字垄断，08-31 04:31:33-08-31 04:31:35Unconstrained capital concentration leads to the dominance of digital rights,
244/259 606.47-610.269 n 把权力延伸到信息信息权力侵蚀公共判断，08-31 04:31:34-08-31 04:31:37Extending power to information can erode public judgment.
245/259 610.78-614.14 n 最后经济上的不平等转化为政治上的不平等。08-31 04:31:35-08-31 04:31:37Ultimately, economic inequality translates into political inequality.
246/259 614.85-616.17 aaa 马斯克之所以危险，08-31 04:31:35-08-31 04:31:37The reason why Musk is dangerous,
247/259 616.62-622.49 hp 正在于他把这条链条的每一个环节都集中到了个人意志能够直接触及的范围内。08-31 04:31:36-08-31 04:31:41He is concentrating all the links in this chain within the range of individual will.
248/259 623.14-629.12 de 公众依然会把马斯克看成极具创新力的技术企业家看成开创人类未来的人，08-31 04:31:37-08-31 04:32:10The public will still see Musk as a highly innovative technology entrepreneur and someone who is creating the future of humanity.
249/259 629.66-634.12 jd 但创新的能力并不自动带来决定公众未来的权利。08-31 04:31:37-08-31 04:31:40However, innovative ability does not automatically bring the right to decide the future of the public.
250/259 634.8-635.64 de 当未来的规则、08-31 04:31:38-08-31 04:32:02When the rules of the future,
251/259 636.22-639.64 bg 信息入口和风险承担都由同一个人规定时，08-31 04:31:39-08-31 04:32:33When both the information access point and risk assumption are determined by a single person,
252/259 640.13-642.23 aaa 那就不是人类共同开创的未来，08-31 04:31:40-08-31 04:31:42That's not a future created by all of humanity,
253/259 642.47-644.99 n 而是公众被裹挟进入的私人未来。08-31 04:31:40-08-31 04:31:43Instead, the public is drawn into a private future.
254/259 645.58-645.64 n 嗯，08-31 04:31:41-08-31 04:31:42Well,
255/259 646.06-647.26 jd 这是北府世界，08-31 04:31:42-08-31 04:31:43This is the North Court world.
256/259 647.93-649.79 hp 欢迎加入我们的先建社群，08-31 04:31:43-08-31 04:31:45Welcome to our community,
257/259 650.44-651.52 aaa 跟踪世界前沿，08-31 04:31:43-08-31 04:31:44Keep up with the latest trends,
258/259 652.06-653.92 n 参与 a i 时代的深度讨论，08-31 04:31:44-08-31 04:31:47Participate in a deep discussion about the age of AI.
259/259 654.34-655.06 n 谢谢收看。08-31 04:31:45-08-31 04:31:46Thank you for watching.